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Effectiveness of Social Inclusion Interventions for Anxiety and Depression among Adolescents: A Systematic Review

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  • Xanthe Hunt

    (Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Tom Shakespeare

    (International Centre for Evidence on Disability, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK)

  • Gabriele Vilyte

    (Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • G. J. Melendez-Torres

    (College of Medicine, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, UK)

  • Junita Henry

    (Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Melissa Bradshaw

    (Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Selvan Naidoo

    (Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Rachel Mbuyamba

    (Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Shahd Aljassem

    (Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Esta Suubi

    (Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Nawar Aljasem

    (Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Moroesi Makhetha

    (Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Jason Bantjes

    (Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
    Alcohol, Tabaco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Unit, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

Abstract

Background: Adolescents who are socially excluded are at increased risk of mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. Promoting social inclusion could be an effective strategy for preventing and treating adolescent depression and anxiety. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of intervention studies which aimed to prevent or treat adolescent depression and/or anxiety by promoting social inclusion. Throughout the review we engaged a youth advisory group of 13 young people (aged 21–24) from Uganda, Turkey, Syria, South Africa, and Egypt. Results: We identified 12 studies relevant to our review. The interventions tested use a range of different strategies to increase social inclusion and reduce depression and anxiety, including social skills training, psychoeducation, teaching life skills training, and cash transfers. Pooled standardised mean differences (SMDs) based on random-effects models showed medium-to-large benefits of interventions on improving depression and anxiety symptoms (n = 8; SMD = −0.62; 95% CI, −1.23 to −0.01, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although there are not many studies, those which have been done show promising results that strongly suggest that social inclusion could be an important component of programmes to promote adolescent mental health.

Suggested Citation

  • Xanthe Hunt & Tom Shakespeare & Gabriele Vilyte & G. J. Melendez-Torres & Junita Henry & Melissa Bradshaw & Selvan Naidoo & Rachel Mbuyamba & Shahd Aljassem & Esta Suubi & Nawar Aljasem & Moroesi Makh, 2023. "Effectiveness of Social Inclusion Interventions for Anxiety and Depression among Adolescents: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1895-:d:1041778
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xanthe Hunt & Ashrita Saran & Howard White & Hannah Kuper, 2021. "PROTOCOL: Effectiveness of interventions for improving educational outcomes for people with disabilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(4), December.
    2. Ashrita Saran & Howard White & Hannah Kuper, 2020. "Evidence and gap map of studies assessing the effectiveness of interventions for people with disabilities in low‐and middle‐income countries," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 16(1), March.
    3. McMullen, John D. & McMullen, Nadia, 2018. "Evaluation of a teacher-led, life-skills intervention for secondary school students in Uganda," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 10-17.
    4. Kate Filia & Henry Jackson & Sue Cotton & Eoin Killackey, 2019. "Understanding what it means to be socially included for people with a lived experience of mental illness," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 65(5), pages 413-424, August.
    5. Xanthe Hunt & Ashrita Saran & Lena Morgon Banks & Howard White & Hannah Kuper, 2021. "PROTOCOL: Effectiveness of interventions for improving livelihood outcomes for people with disabilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(3), September.
    6. Ashrita Saran & Xanthe Hunt & Howard White & Hannah Kuper, 2021. "PROTOCOL: Effectiveness of interventions for improving social inclusion outcomes for people with disabilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(3), September.
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