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Effectiveness of Exogenous Fe 2+ on Nutrient Removal in Gravel-Based Constructed Wetlands

Author

Listed:
  • Liping Tian

    (Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Baixing Yan

    (Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
    Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China)

  • Yang Ou

    (Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
    Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China)

  • Huiping Liu

    (College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Lei Cheng

    (College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Peng Jiao

    (College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

Abstract

A group of microcosm-scale unplanted constructed wetlands (CWs) were established to evaluate the effectiveness of exogenous Fe 2+ addition on ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 − -N), and total phosphorus (TP) removal. The addition of Fe 2+ concentrations were 5 mg/L (CW-Fe5), 10 mg/L (CW-Fe10), 20 mg/L (CW-Fe20), 30 mg/L (CW-Fe30), and 0 mg/L (CW-CK). The microbial community in CWs was also analyzed to reveal the enhancement mechanism of pollutant removal. The results showed that the addition of Fe 2+ could significantly ( p < 0.05) reduce the NO 3 − -N concentration in the CWs. When 10 mg/L Fe 2+ was added and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 8 h, the highest removal rate of NO 3 − -N was 88.66%. For NH 4 + -N, when the HRT was 8–24 h, the removal rate of CW-Fe5 was the highest (35.23% at 8 h and 59.24% at 24 h). When the HRT was 48–72 h, the removal rate of NH 4 + -N in CWs with 10 mg/L Fe 2+ addition was the highest (85.19% at 48 h and 88.66% and 72 h). The removal rate of TP in all CWs was higher than 57.06%, compared with CW-CK, it increased 0.63–31.62% in CWs with Fe 2+ addition; the final effluent TP concentration in CW-Fe5 (0.13 mg/L) and CW-Fe10 (0.16 mg/L) met the class III water standards in Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards of China (GB3838-2002). Microbical diversity indexes, including Shannon and Chao1, were significantly lower ( p < 0.05) in Fe 2+ amended treatment than that in CW-CK treatment. Furthermore, phylum Firmicutes , family Carnobacteriaceae, and genus Trichococcus in Fe 2+ amended treatments was significantly ( p < 0.05) higher than that in CW-CK treatment. Fe 3+ reducing bacteria, such as Trichococcus genus, belonging to the Carnobacteriaceae in family-level, and Lactobacillales order affiliated to Firmicutes in the phylum-level, can reduce the oxidized Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ and continue to provide electrons for nitrate. It is recommended to consider adding an appropriate amount of iron into the water to strengthen its purifying capacity effect for constructed artificial wetlands in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Liping Tian & Baixing Yan & Yang Ou & Huiping Liu & Lei Cheng & Peng Jiao, 2022. "Effectiveness of Exogenous Fe 2+ on Nutrient Removal in Gravel-Based Constructed Wetlands," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1475-:d:736487
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wan, Wei & Han, Yiwen & Wu, Hanqing & Liu, Fan & Liu, Zhong, 2021. "Application of the source–sink landscape method in the evaluation of agricultural non-point source pollution: First estimation of an orchard-dominated area in China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
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