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Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome: First Symptoms and Evolution of the Clinical Picture: Case-Control Study/Epidemiological Case-Control Study

Author

Listed:
  • Sandra Fares-Medina

    (Student International Doctoral School, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), 28922 Madrid, Spain)

  • Isabel Díaz-Caro

    (University Hospital Severo Ochoa, 28911 Madrid, Spain)

  • Rebeca García-Montes

    (Student International Doctoral School, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), 28922 Madrid, Spain)

  • Inmaculada Corral-Liria

    (Nursing and Stomatology Department, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), 28922 Madrid, Spain)

  • Soledad García-Gómez-Heras

    (Basic Health Science Department, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), 28922 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic condition characterized by the appearance of symptoms caused by exposure to chemical compounds that are tolerable for the general population. It mainly affects middle-aged women. There are very few studies focusing on the most frequent symptoms of MCS considering age groups and gender. The main goal of this study was to find the most frequent symptoms both at the onset of the disease and at the present time describing them by age groups. The QEESI (Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory) questionnaire, Scale 3 which assesses symptoms and their severity, was used as a diagnostic tool for the disease. A case-control study was conducted with the participation of 210 people. Of the cases, 94.3% were women. The symptoms that most often manifested first were airway and mucous membrane alterations (68.9%). In the development of the disease, we found cognitive alterations (OR = 31.25), heart or chest problems (OR = 22.49), neuromuscular problems (OR = 20.00) and head-related symptomatology (OR = 19.29). Identifying the most frequent pattern of symptoms by age group and sex will allow an early diagnosis of the disease to improve its prognosis and treatment.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandra Fares-Medina & Isabel Díaz-Caro & Rebeca García-Montes & Inmaculada Corral-Liria & Soledad García-Gómez-Heras, 2022. "Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome: First Symptoms and Evolution of the Clinical Picture: Case-Control Study/Epidemiological Case-Control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:23:p:15891-:d:987418
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Raymond F. Palmer & Tatjana Walker & David Kattari & Rudy Rincon & Roger B. Perales & Carlos R. Jaén & Carl Grimes & Dana R. Sundblad & Claudia S. Miller, 2021. "Validation of a Brief Screening Instrument for Chemical Intolerance in a Large U.S. National Sample," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Antonio Del Casale & Stefano Ferracuti & Alessio Mosca & Leda Marina Pomes & Federica Fiaschè & Luca Bonanni & Marina Borro & Giovanna Gentile & Paolo Martelletti & Maurizio Simmaco, 2020. "Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome: A Principal Component Analysis of Symptoms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-12, September.
    3. Aki Vuokko & Kirsi Karvala & Jussi Lampi & Leea Keski-Nisula & Markku Pasanen & Raimo Voutilainen & Juha Pekkanen & Markku Sainio, 2018. "Environmental Intolerance, Symptoms and Disability Among Fertile-Aged Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-12, February.
    4. Caress, S.M. & Steinemann, A.C., 2004. "Prevalence of Multiple Chemical Sensitivities: A Population-Based Study in the Southeastern United States," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(5), pages 746-747.
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