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Pollution, Ecological Risk and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Sediments from the Huafei River in the Eastern Suburbs of Kaifeng, China

Author

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  • Bingyan Jin

    (College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China)

  • Jinling Wang

    (College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China)

  • Wei Lou

    (College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China)

  • Liren Wang

    (College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China)

  • Jinlong Xu

    (College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China)

  • Yanfang Pan

    (College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
    Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China)

  • Jianbiao Peng

    (School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China)

  • Dexin Liu

    (College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
    Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
    Henan Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation (Ecological Protection and Rural Revitalization along the Yellow River), Kaifeng 475004, China)

Abstract

Rivers in urban environments are significant components of their ecosystems but remain under threat of pollution from unchecked discharges of industrial sewage and domestic wastewater. Such river pollution, particularly over the longer term involving heavy metals, is an issue of worldwide concern regarding risks to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, we investigate the long-term pollution characteristics of the Huafei River, an important urban river in Kaifeng, China. River sedimentary samples were analyzed, assessing the degree and ecological risk of heavy metal pollution using the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index methods, whilst Pearson’s correlation, principal component and cluster analyses were used to identify the sources of pollution. The results show that heavy metal concentrations are significantly higher than their corresponding fluvo-aquic soil background values in China, and the geo-accumulation indexes indicate that of the eight heavy metals identified, Hg is most prevalent, followed in sequence by Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Cr. The potential ecological risk index of the Huafei River is very high, with the potential ecological risk intensity highest in the midstream and downstream sections, where it is recommended that pollution control is carried out, especially concerning Hg and Cd. Long-term sequence analysis indicates that Cu and Pb dropped sharply from 1998 to 2017, but rebounded in 2019, and that Zn shows a continuous decreasing trend. Four main sources for the heavy metal contaminants were identified: Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg derived mainly from industrial activities, traffic sources and natural sources; Cd originated mainly from industrial and agricultural activities; whilst As was mainly associated with industrial activities. Thus, special attention should be paid to Hg and Cd, and measures must be taken to prevent further anthropogenic influence on heavy metal pollution.

Suggested Citation

  • Bingyan Jin & Jinling Wang & Wei Lou & Liren Wang & Jinlong Xu & Yanfang Pan & Jianbiao Peng & Dexin Liu, 2022. "Pollution, Ecological Risk and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Sediments from the Huafei River in the Eastern Suburbs of Kaifeng, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:18:p:11259-:d:909189
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ling Yang & Qiang Ren & Shiji Ge & Zhiqiang Jiao & Wenhao Zhan & Runxiao Hou & Xinling Ruan & Yanfang Pan & Yangyang Wang, 2022. "Metal(loid)s Spatial Distribution, Accumulation, and Potential Health Risk Assessment in Soil-Wheat Systems near a Pb/Zn Smelter in Henan Province, Central China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-12, February.
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    3. Song Cui & Fuxiang Zhang & Peng Hu & Rupert Hough & Qiang Fu & Zulin Zhang & Lihui An & Yi-Fan Li & Kunyang Li & Dong Liu & Pengyu Chen, 2019. "Heavy Metals in Sediment from the Urban and Rural Rivers in Harbin City, Northeast China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-15, November.
    4. Ababo Workineh Tadesse & Tekleweini Gereslassie & Qiang Xu & Xiaojun Tang & Jun Wang, 2018. "Concentrations, Distribution, Sources and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Soils from Wuhan, Central China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-19, December.
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