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Impacts of Pesticides on Oral Cavity Health and Ecosystems: A Review

Author

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  • Joel Salazar-Flores

    (Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of La Cienega (CUCIENEGA), University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47810, Jalisco, Mexico)

  • Sarah M. Lomelí-Martínez

    (Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of La Cienega (CUCIENEGA), University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47810, Jalisco, Mexico
    Department of Integral Dental Clinics, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico)

  • Hazael R. Ceja-Gálvez

    (Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico)

  • Juan H. Torres-Jasso

    (Department of Biological Sciences, University Center of La Costa (CUCOSTA), University of Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta 48280, Jalisco, Mexico)

  • Luis A. Torres-Reyes

    (Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico)

  • Erandis D. Torres-Sánchez

    (Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of La Cienega (CUCIENEGA), University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47810, Jalisco, Mexico)

Abstract

Pesticides are chemical substances used to control, prevent, or destroy agricultural, domestic, and livestock pests. These compounds produce adverse changes in health, and they have been associated with the development of multiple chronic diseases. This study aimed to present a detailed review of the effect of pesticides on the oral cavity and the oral microbiome. In the oral cavity, pesticides alter and/or modify tissues and the microbiome, thereby triggering imbalance in the ecosystem, generating an inflammatory response, and activating hydrolytic enzymes. In particular, the imbalance in the oral microbiome creates a dysbiosis that modifies the number, composition, and/or functions of the constituent microorganisms and the local response of the host. Pesticide exposure alters epithelial cells, and oral microbiota, and disrupts the homeostasis of the oral environment. The presence of pesticides in the oral cavity predisposes the appearance of pathologies such as caries, periodontal diseases, oral cancer, and odontogenic infections. In this study, we analyzed the effect of organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, bipyridyls, and triazineson oral cavity health and ecosystems.

Suggested Citation

  • Joel Salazar-Flores & Sarah M. Lomelí-Martínez & Hazael R. Ceja-Gálvez & Juan H. Torres-Jasso & Luis A. Torres-Reyes & Erandis D. Torres-Sánchez, 2022. "Impacts of Pesticides on Oral Cavity Health and Ecosystems: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:18:p:11257-:d:909172
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Federica Giambò & Michele Teodoro & Chiara Costa & Concettina Fenga, 2021. "Toxicology and Microbiota: How Do Pesticides Influence Gut Microbiota? A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Christos A. Damalas & Ilias G. Eleftherohorinos, 2011. "Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment Indicators," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-18, May.
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