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Impacts of Landscape Type, Viewing Distance, and Permeability on Anxiety, Depression, and Stress

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  • Yun Shu

    (Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-Saving Study of Dense Habitat, Department of Landscape Studies, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    Urban Environments and Human Health Lab, HKUrbanlabs, Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Chengzhao Wu

    (Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-Saving Study of Dense Habitat, Department of Landscape Studies, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Yujia Zhai

    (Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-Saving Study of Dense Habitat, Department of Landscape Studies, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Big Data and Urban Spatial Analytics LAB, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China)

Abstract

Contact with nature is beneficial for mental health, including anxiety and stress. Exposure to virtual nature also has similar restorative traits with real nature. However, previous studies on the restorative environment mostly focus on ordinary people while caring less about patients with depressive disorders. Thus, the restorative impacts of virtual nature on patients with depression warrant examination. This research aims to study the restorative effects of virtual reality (VR) landscape type, viewing distance, and permeability on anxiety, depression, and stress in patients with depression. Study A revealed that the perceived restorative level of landscape type varies greatly: grassland > forest > water > undergrowth > urban square. Additionally, natural environments with higher openness, more green elements, more blue sky, and more sunshine exposure had higher restorative levels on perceived depression, anxiety, and stress relief. Study B found that the grassland landscape with a higher viewing distance and a medium vegetation edge permeability provides more restorative impacts for patients with depression.

Suggested Citation

  • Yun Shu & Chengzhao Wu & Yujia Zhai, 2022. "Impacts of Landscape Type, Viewing Distance, and Permeability on Anxiety, Depression, and Stress," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-22, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:16:p:9867-:d:885052
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    References listed on IDEAS

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