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Difference between Impacts of COVID-19 on Women and Men’s Psychological, Social, Vulnerable Work Situations, and Economic Well-Being

Author

Listed:
  • Enrique Iglesias Martínez

    (Social Education, Faculty Padre Ossó, University of Oviedo, 33008 Oviedo, Spain)

  • Jorge Roces García

    (Polytechnic School of Engineering of Gijón, University of Oviedo, 33204 Gijón, Spain)

  • Estibaliz Jiménez Arberas

    (Occupational Therapy, Faculty Padre Ossó, University of Oviedo, 33008 Oviedo, Spain)

  • José Antonio Llosa

    (Social Education, Faculty Padre Ossó, University of Oviedo, 33008 Oviedo, Spain)

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 virus changed social reality worldwide, affecting people’s health and work life, particularly their anxiety levels. The purpose of this study is to verify the situation of women in terms of anxiety and social determinants in Spain during the pandemic. The sample consisted of 4686 people (3500 women and 1186 men). The tools used were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and an ad hoc questionnaire to assess the work and mental situation of the participants. The results indicate a higher rate of anxiety among women than among men and reveal a relationship between higher levels of anxiety and more vulnerable work situations in terms of higher unemployment rates, contract changes, etc. Furthermore, there was a higher percentage of women than men in the sectors where the health crisis has had a greater impact and presence, with repercussions on the physical, mental, and social health of the entire population and especially on women. It is necessary to take into account the social determinants of health, not only at the structural level, in terms of the socio-economic and political contexts, to avoid and limit the axes of inequality such as gender.

Suggested Citation

  • Enrique Iglesias Martínez & Jorge Roces García & Estibaliz Jiménez Arberas & José Antonio Llosa, 2022. "Difference between Impacts of COVID-19 on Women and Men’s Psychological, Social, Vulnerable Work Situations, and Economic Well-Being," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-9, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8849-:d:867958
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ottaviano, Juan Manuel, 2020. "Teletrabajo y cuidados," Documentos de Proyectos 46782, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    2. Julio Torales & Marcelo O’Higgins & João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia & Antonio Ventriglio, 2020. "The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 66(4), pages 317-320, June.
    3. Sijia Li & Yilin Wang & Jia Xue & Nan Zhao & Tingshao Zhu, 2020. "The Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic Declaration on Psychological Consequences: A Study on Active Weibo Users," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-9, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Enrique Iglesias Martínez & Pablo Yáñez Legaspi & Esteban Agulló-Tomás & José Antonio Llosa, 2023. "Psychosocial Risk in COVID Context: The Impact of Economic Factors and Labour Protection Policy (ERTEs) in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-9, January.

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