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Conceptual Model of Emergency Department Utilization among Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Patients: A Critical Review

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  • Tyler G. James

    (Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, 1018 Fuller St., Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
    Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Florida Gym Room 5, P.O. Box 118210, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA)

  • Julia R. Varnes

    (Department of Health Services Research, Management, and Policy, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100185, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA)

  • Meagan K. Sullivan

    (Independent Researcher, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA)

  • JeeWon Cheong

    (Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Florida Gym Room 5, P.O. Box 118210, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA)

  • Thomas A. Pearson

    (Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100231, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA)

  • Ali M. Yurasek

    (Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Florida Gym Room 5, P.O. Box 118210, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA)

  • M. David Miller

    (School of Human Development and Organizational Studies in Education, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117047, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA)

  • Michael M. McKee

    (Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, 1018 Fuller St., Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA)

Abstract

Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) populations are understudied in health services research and underserved in healthcare systems. Existing data indicate that adult DHH patients are more likely to use the emergency department (ED) for less emergent conditions than non-DHH patients. However, the lack of research focused on this population’s ED utilization impedes the development of health promotion and quality improvement interventions to improve patient health and quality outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual model describing patient and non-patient (e.g., community, health system, provider) factors influencing ED utilization and ED care processes among DHH people. We conducted a critical review and used Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use and the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model to classify factors based on their theoretical and/or empirically described role. The resulting Conceptual Model of Emergency Department Utilization Among Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Patients provides predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors influencing DHH patient ED care seeking and ED care processes. The model highlights the abundance of DHH patient and non-DHH patient enabling factors. This model may be used in quality improvement interventions, health services research, or in organizational planning and policymaking to improve health outcomes for DHH patients.

Suggested Citation

  • Tyler G. James & Julia R. Varnes & Meagan K. Sullivan & JeeWon Cheong & Thomas A. Pearson & Ali M. Yurasek & M. David Miller & Michael M. McKee, 2021. "Conceptual Model of Emergency Department Utilization among Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Patients: A Critical Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-26, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:24:p:12901-:d:696951
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Planey, Arrianna Marie, 2019. "Audiologist availability and supply in the United States: A multi-scale spatial and political economic analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 216-224.
    2. McKee, M. & Schlehofer, D. & Thew, D., 2013. "Ethical issues in conducting research with deaf populations," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(12), pages 2174-2178.
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