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Urinary Phthalate Levels Associated with the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: The Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2012–2014

Author

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  • Yun-Jung Yang

    (Institute of Biomedical Science, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea)

  • Taehyen Kim

    (College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Korea)

  • Yeon-Pyo Hong

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea)

Abstract

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide. Recent experimental studies suggested that phthalates might induce NAFLD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between phthalates metabolites and NAFLD in the human population. This cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey II (2012–2014) among Korean adults ( n = 5800). NAFLD was diagnosed using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) in the absence of other causes of chronic liver diseases. Among the participants (mean age 46 years, 47.5% male), the prevalence of NAFLD was associated with urinary levels of mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), and mono- n -butyl phthalate (MnBP) compared to the reference group. In the multivariate model, the odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence interval (CI) for NAFLD were 1.33 (1.00–1.78) and 1.39 (1.00–1.92) in the 3rd and 4th quartile of MEHHP, respectively. Based on the study findings, high levels of urinary phthalates are associated with the prevalence of NAFLD in Korean adults. Further investigation is required to elucidate the causal relationship.

Suggested Citation

  • Yun-Jung Yang & Taehyen Kim & Yeon-Pyo Hong, 2021. "Urinary Phthalate Levels Associated with the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: The Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2012–2014," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-9, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:6035-:d:568573
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yiyang Jia & Te Liu & Liting Zhou & Jian Zhu & Juan Wu & Di Sun & Jin Xu & Qi Wang & Huaiji Chen & Feng Xu & Yuezhu Zhang & Tianrong Zhang & Hongbo Liu & Lin Ye, 2016. "Effects of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Lipid Metabolism by the JAK/STAT Pathway in Rats," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Matthias Wormuth & Martin Scheringer & Meret Vollenweider & Konrad Hungerbühler, 2006. "What Are the Sources of Exposure to Eight Frequently Used Phthalic Acid Esters in Europeans?," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(3), pages 803-824, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Eun-Jung Yang & Byung-Sun Choi & Yun-Jung Yang, 2022. "Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated with Urinary Phthalate Metabolites Levels in Adults with Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2012–20," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-13, March.

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