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Metabolite Profiling Revealed That a Gardening Activity Program Improves Cognitive Ability Correlated with BDNF Levels and Serotonin Metabolism in the Elderly

Author

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  • Sin-Ae Park

    (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Su Young Son

    (Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • A-Young Lee

    (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea)

  • Hee-Geun Park

    (Sport Science Center in Daejeon, Daejeon 34134, Korea)

  • Wang-Lok Lee

    (Department of Sport Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea)

  • Choong Hwan Lee

    (Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
    Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea)

Abstract

Metabolomics is useful for evaluating the fundamental mechanisms of improvements in the health functions of the elderly. Additionally, gardening intervention as a regular physical activity for the elderly maintained and improved physical, psychology, cognitive, and social health. This study was conducted to determine whether the cognitive ability of the elderly is affected by participating in a gardening activity program as a physical activity with a metabolomic potential biomarker. The gardening program was designed as a low to moderate intensity physical activity for the elderly. Serum metabolites resulting from gardening were subjected to metabolite profiling using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadruple-orbitrap-mass spectrometry followed by multivariate analyses. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed distinct clustering patterns among the control, non-gardening, and gardening groups. According to the pathway analysis, tryptophan metabolism including tryptophan, kynurenine, and serotonin showed significantly distinctive metabolites in the gardening group. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels (BDNF) in the gardening group were significantly increased after the gardening program. Correlation map analysis showed that the relative levels of tryptophan metabolites were positively correlated with BDNF. Our results show that tryptophan, kynurenine, and serotonin may be useful as metabolic biomarkers for improved cognitive ability by the gardening intervention.

Suggested Citation

  • Sin-Ae Park & Su Young Son & A-Young Lee & Hee-Geun Park & Wang-Lok Lee & Choong Hwan Lee, 2020. "Metabolite Profiling Revealed That a Gardening Activity Program Improves Cognitive Ability Correlated with BDNF Levels and Serotonin Metabolism in the Elderly," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:2:p:541-:d:308803
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sin-Ae Park & A-Young Lee & Hee-Geun Park & Wang-Lok Lee, 2019. "Benefits of Gardening Activities for Cognitive Function According to Measurement of Brain Nerve Growth Factor Levels," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-9, March.
    2. Kheng Siang Ted Ng & Angelia Sia & Maxel K. W. Ng & Crystal T. Y. Tan & Hui Yu Chan & Chay Hoon Tan & Iris Rawtaer & Lei Feng & Rathi Mahendran & Anis Larbi & Ee Heok Kua & Roger C. M. Ho, 2018. "Effects of Horticultural Therapy on Asian Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-14, August.
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    1. Seon-Ok Kim & Min Ji Kim & Na-Yoon Choi & Jin Hee Kim & Myung Sook Oh & Choong Hwan Lee & Sin-Ae Park, 2022. "Psychophysiological and Metabolomics Responses of Adults during Horticultural Activities Using Soil Inoculated with Streptomyces rimosus : A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Juan Du & Xiaomei Chen & Li Xi & Beibei Jiang & Jun Ma & Guangsheng Yuan & Ahmad Hassan & Erkang Fu & Yumei Huang, 2022. "Electroencephalography-Based Neuroemotional Responses in Cognitively Normal and Cognitively Impaired Elderly by Watching the Ardisia mamillata Hance with Fruits and without Fruits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-12, August.
    3. Hui-Ying Chu & Hui-Shan Chan & Mei-Fang Chen, 2021. "Effects of Horticultural Activities on Attitudes toward Aging, Sense of Hope and Hand–Eye Coordination in Older Adults in Residential Care Facilities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-28, June.
    4. Mário Santos & Helena Moreira & João Alexandre Cabral & Ronaldo Gabriel & Andreia Teixeira & Rita Bastos & Alfredo Aires, 2022. "Contribution of Home Gardens to Sustainable Development: Perspectives from A Supported Opinion Essay," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-26, October.
    5. Na-Yoon Choi & Sin-Ae Park & Ye-Rim Lee & Choong Hwan Lee, 2022. "Psychophysiological Responses of Humans during Seed-Sowing Activity Using Soil Inoculated with Streptomyces rimosus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-14, December.
    6. Yang Suk Joy & A-Young Lee & Sin-Ae Park, 2020. "A Horticultural Therapy Program Focused on Succulent Cultivation for the Vocational Rehabilitation Training of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-13, February.
    7. Dahlia Stott & DeAndra Forde & Chetan Sharma & Jonathan M. Deutsch & Michael Bruneau & Jennifer A. Nasser & Mara Z. Vitolins & Brandy-Joe Milliron, 2024. "Interactions with Nature, Good for the Mind and Body: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(3), pages 1-26, March.
    8. Juan Du & Jiali Yin & Xiaomei Chen & Ahmad Hassan & Erkang Fu & Xi Li, 2022. "Electroencephalography (EEG)-Based Neural Emotional Response to Flower Arrangements (FAs) on Normal Elderly (NE) and Cognitively Impaired Elderly (CIE)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-9, March.
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    10. Ruo-Nan Jueng & I-Ju Chen, 2022. "The Effects of Horticultural Therapy on Sense of Coherence among Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities: A Quasi Experimental Design," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-11, April.

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