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Mindfulness Awareness Practice (MAP) to Prevent Dementia in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial and Implementation Outcomes

Author

Listed:
  • Ted Kheng Siang Ng

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
    Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
    Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan)

  • Lei Feng

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 117599, Singapore)

  • Johnson Fam

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
    Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 117599, Singapore)

  • Iris Rawtaer

    (Department of Psychiatry, Sengkang General Hospital & SingHealth Duke-NUS Centre of Memory and Cognitive Disorders, Singapore 544886, Singapore)

  • Alan Prem Kumar

    (Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
    Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore)

  • Grishma Rane

    (Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
    Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore)

  • Irwin Kee-Mun Cheah

    (Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore)

  • Ratha Mahendran

    (Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 117599, Singapore)

  • Yuan Kun Lee

    (Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore)

  • Ene Choo Tan

    (Division of Clinical Support Services, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore)

  • Lee Gan Goh

    (Department of Family Medicine, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119228, Singapore)

  • Ee Heok Kua

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
    Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 117599, Singapore)

  • Rathi Mahendran

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
    Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 117599, Singapore)

Abstract

Background: With an aging population, developing non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) to delay dementia has become critical. Apart from cognitive decline, dementia is associated with multiple pathophysiology, including increased oxidative stress, dysregulated gene expressions, cytokine, neurotrophin, and stress markers, telomere shortening, and deteriorations in brain connectivity. Although mindfulness practices have been proposed to ameliorate these biological changes, no empirical studies were conducted. We thus aimed to investigate the effects of mindfulness awareness practice (MAP) to prevent cognitive decline and improve peripheral biomarkers in community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods/Design: This was a single-blinded and parallel-group randomized controlled trial with two arms (intervention and active control arms), conducted over nine months. A total of 60 consenting community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with MCI were planned to be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the MAP or the Health Education Program (HEP). Interventions were performed weekly for the initial 12 weeks, and monthly for the subsequent six months. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, 3-month, and 9-month post-intervention by blinded assessors. Primary outcomes were neurocognitive tests, comprehensive peripheral biomarkers, and brain imaging scans. Secondary outcomes included basic health screening measures, affective symptoms, and measures of physical functions. Linear-mixed models were used to examine the effects of MAP on these outcome measures. Significance: This is the first randomized controlled trial to systematically investigate the effects of a mindfulness intervention in improving cognitive functions and various biomarkers in community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with MCI. Our findings have the potential to inform mindfulness intervention as a novel approach to delay dementia.

Suggested Citation

  • Ted Kheng Siang Ng & Lei Feng & Johnson Fam & Iris Rawtaer & Alan Prem Kumar & Grishma Rane & Irwin Kee-Mun Cheah & Ratha Mahendran & Yuan Kun Lee & Ene Choo Tan & Lee Gan Goh & Ee Heok Kua & Rathi Ma, 2021. "Mindfulness Awareness Practice (MAP) to Prevent Dementia in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial and Implementation Outcomes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-19, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:19:p:10205-:d:645383
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kheng Siang Ted Ng & Angelia Sia & Maxel K. W. Ng & Crystal T. Y. Tan & Hui Yu Chan & Chay Hoon Tan & Iris Rawtaer & Lei Feng & Rathi Mahendran & Anis Larbi & Ee Heok Kua & Roger C. M. Ho, 2018. "Effects of Horticultural Therapy on Asian Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-14, August.
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