IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i2p423-d306452.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Chronic and Acute Toxicities of Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Action

Author

Listed:
  • Noreddine Benkerroum

    (Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry MacDonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
    Retired.)

Abstract

There are presently more than 18 known aflatoxins most of which have been insufficiently studied for their incidence, health-risk, and mechanisms of toxicity to allow effective intervention and control means that would significantly and sustainably reduce their incidence and adverse effects on health and economy. Among these, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been by far the most studied; yet, many aspects of the range and mechanisms of the diseases it causes remain to be elucidated. Its mutagenicity, tumorigenicity, and carcinogenicity—which are the best known—still suffer from limitations regarding the relative contribution of the oxidative stress and the reactive epoxide derivative (Aflatoxin-exo 8,9-epoxide) in the induction of the diseases, as well as its metabolic and synthesis pathways. Additionally, despite the well-established additive effects for carcinogenicity between AFB1 and other risk factors, e.g., hepatitis viruses B and C, and the hepatotoxic algal microcystins, the mechanisms of this synergy remain unclear. This study reviews the most recent advances in the field of the mechanisms of toxicity of aflatoxins and the adverse health effects that they cause in humans and animals.

Suggested Citation

  • Noreddine Benkerroum, 2020. "Chronic and Acute Toxicities of Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Action," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-28, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:2:p:423-:d:306452
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/2/423/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/2/423/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Siwanon Jirawatnotai & Yiduo Hu & Wojciech Michowski & Joshua E. Elias & Lisa Becks & Frederic Bienvenu & Agnieszka Zagozdzon & Tapasree Goswami & Yaoyu E. Wang & Alan B. Clark & Thomas A. Kunkel & Ta, 2011. "A function for cyclin D1 in DNA repair uncovered by protein interactome analyses in human cancers," Nature, Nature, vol. 474(7350), pages 230-234, June.
    2. Jiri Bartek & Jiri Lukas, 2011. "Cyclin D1 multitasks," Nature, Nature, vol. 474(7350), pages 171-172, June.
    3. Xi Peng & Shiping Bai & Xuemei Ding & Keying Zhang, 2017. "Pathological Impairment, Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis of Thymus and Bursa of Fabricius Induced by Aflatoxin-Contaminated Corn in Broilers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, January.
    4. Fengyuan Wang & Gang Shu & Xi Peng & Jing Fang & Kejie Chen & Hengmin Cui & Zhengli Chen & Zhicai Zuo & Junliang Deng & Yi Geng & Weimin Lai, 2013. "Protective Effects of Sodium Selenite against Aflatoxin B 1 -Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Broiler Spleen," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-11, July.
    5. Noreddine Benkerroum, 2019. "Retrospective and Prospective Look at Aflatoxin Research and Development from a Practical Standpoint," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-47, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Noreddine Benkerroum, 2020. "Aflatoxins: Producing-Molds, Structure, Health Issues and Incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-40, February.
    2. Licia Pantano & Ladislao La Scala & Francesco Olibrio & Francesco Giuseppe Galluzzo & Carmelo Bongiorno & Maria Drussilla Buscemi & Andrea Macaluso & Antonio Vella, 2021. "QuEChERS LC–MS/MS Screening Method for Mycotoxin Detection in Cereal Products and Spices," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Aqib Javed & Iqra Naeem & Noreddine Benkerroum & Muhammad Riaz & Saeed Akhtar & Amir Ismail & Muhammad Sajid & Muhammad Tayyab Khan & Zubair Ismail, 2021. "Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment of Aflatoxins through Intake of Eastern Herbal Medicines Collected from Four Districts of Southern Punjab—Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-21, September.
    4. Noreddine Benkerroum & Amir Ismail, 2022. "Human Breast Milk Contamination with Aflatoxins, Impact on Children’s Health, and Possible Control Means: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-34, December.
    5. Magdalena Ratajczak & Dorota Kaminska & Agata Światły-Błaszkiewicz & Jan Matysiak, 2020. "Quality of Dietary Supplements Containing Plant-Derived Ingredients Reconsidered by Microbiological Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-19, September.
    6. Oluwakemi A. Rotimi & Chinonye D. Onuzulu & Alisa L. Dewald & Jessa Ehlinger & Isaacson B. Adelani & Olutola E. Olasehinde & Solomon O. Rotimi & Jaclyn M. Goodrich, 2021. "Early Life Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 in Rats: Alterations in Lipids, Hormones, and DNA Methylation among the Offspring," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-15, January.
    7. Fulvio Ferri & Carlo Brera & Barbara De Santis & Giorgia Collini & Enrica Crespi & Francesca Debegnach & Angelo Gargano & Daniela Gattei & Ines Magnani & Pamela Mancuso & Stefania Mozzanica & Elvira T, 2020. "Association between Urinary Levels of Aflatoxin and Consumption of Food Linked to Maize or Cow Milk or Dairy Products," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-13, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Noreddine Benkerroum & Amir Ismail, 2022. "Human Breast Milk Contamination with Aflatoxins, Impact on Children’s Health, and Possible Control Means: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-34, December.
    2. Noreddine Benkerroum, 2020. "Aflatoxins: Producing-Molds, Structure, Health Issues and Incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-40, February.
    3. Na Liang & Fengyuan Wang & Xi Peng & Jing Fang & Hengmin Cui & Zhengli Chen & Weimin Lai & Yi Zhou & Yi Geng, 2015. "Effect of Sodium Selenite on Pathological Changes and Renal Functions in Broilers Fed a Diet Containing Aflatoxin B 1," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-13, September.
    4. Schneider, Kate R., 2022. "Nationally representative estimates of the cost of adequate diets, nutrient level drivers, and policy options for households in rural Malawi," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    5. Xi Peng & Shengqiang Zhang & Jing Fang & Hengmin Cui & Zhicai Zuo & Junliang Deng, 2014. "Protective Roles of Sodium Selenite against Aflatoxin B 1 -Induced Apoptosis of Jejunum in Broilers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-14, December.
    6. Noreddine Benkerroum, 2019. "Retrospective and Prospective Look at Aflatoxin Research and Development from a Practical Standpoint," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-47, September.
    7. Kejie Chen & Xi Peng & Jing Fang & Hengmin Cui & Zhicai Zuo & Junliang Deng & Zhengli Chen & Yi Geng & Weimin Lai & Li Tang & Qingqiu Yang, 2014. "Effects of Dietary Selenium on Histopathological Changes and T Cells of Spleen in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B 1," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-10, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:2:p:423-:d:306452. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.