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The Psychological Impact of Movement Restriction during the COVID-19 Outbreak on Clinical Undergraduates: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

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  • Aida Kalok

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Shalisah Sharip

    (Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Abdul Muzhill Abdul Hafizz

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Zulkifli Md Zainuddin

    (Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Mohamad Nasir Shafiee

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia and the subsequent closure of all educational institutions. We aimed to examine the psychological impact of the MCO among clinical undergraduates. A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-reported questionnaires that were distributed online using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS 21), Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS), and the newly designed MCO effect questionnaire. Seven hundred seventy-two students completed the survey. The prevalence of psychological distress was 52.8%, with around 60% of respondents reporting disruption to their daily lives. Older ( p = 0.015) and more senior students ( p < 0.001) were less likely to be anxious than their younger and junior counterparts, respectively. A greater number of social support (three or more) was linked to a lower score of depression ( p = 0.005) and stress ( p = 0.045). Undergraduates who received family support demonstrated lower depression scores ( p = 0.037) and higher mental wellbeing ( p = 0.020) compared to those without. Government support was independently associated with a lesser risk of depressive symptoms (Adjusted odds ratio, AOR 0.68; 95% confidence interval, CI 0.47–0.99) and a greater sense of mental wellbeing (AOR 1.54; 95% CI 1.06–2.22). The present finding provides evidence of a high prevalence of psychological distress among clinical undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Appropriate social support is important in alleviating anxiety and stress and promoting greater mental wellbeing amongst students during the nationwide quarantine.

Suggested Citation

  • Aida Kalok & Shalisah Sharip & Abdul Muzhill Abdul Hafizz & Zulkifli Md Zainuddin & Mohamad Nasir Shafiee, 2020. "The Psychological Impact of Movement Restriction during the COVID-19 Outbreak on Clinical Undergraduates: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:22:p:8522-:d:446428
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cuiyan Wang & Riyu Pan & Xiaoyang Wan & Yilin Tan & Linkang Xu & Cyrus S. Ho & Roger C. Ho, 2020. "Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-25, March.
    2. Sheela Sundarasen & Karuthan Chinna & Kamilah Kamaludin & Mohammad Nurunnabi & Gul Mohammad Baloch & Heba Bakr Khoshaim & Syed Far Abid Hossain & Areej Sukayt, 2020. "Psychological Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown among University Students in Malaysia: Implications and Policy Recommendations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-13, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Collins Opoku Antwi & Michelle Allyshia Belle & Seth Yeboah Ntim & Yuanchun Wu & Emmanuel Affum-Osei & Michael Osei Aboagye & Jun Ren, 2022. "COVID-19 Pandemic and International Students’ Mental Health in China: Age, Gender, Chronic Health Condition and Having Infected Relative as Risk Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Rosnaini Sudi & Wai Leng Chang & Nur Hidayah Arshad & Syasya Nabilah Zainal Abidin & Ulyssies Suderman & Luke Sy-Cherng Woon, 2022. "Perception of Current Educational Environment, Clinical Competency, and Depression among Malaysian Medical Students in Clinical Clerkship: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Sharifah Aminah Syed Anwar Aly & Rahana Abdul Rahman & Shalisah Sharip & Shamsul Azhar Shah & Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy & Aida Kalok, 2021. "Pregnancy and COVID-19 Pandemic Perception in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-11, May.

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