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Timing of Entry into Paid Employment, Adverse Physical Work Exposures and Health: The Young Helsinki Health Study

Author

Listed:
  • Tea Lallukka

    (Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
    Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 18, 00032 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Rahman Shiri

    (Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 18, 00032 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Olli Pietiläinen

    (Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Johanna Kausto

    (Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 18, 00032 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Hilla Sumanen

    (Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
    Department of Health Care and Emergency Care, South Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, 48220 Kotka, Finland)

  • Jaana I. Halonen

    (Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Eero Lahelma

    (Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Ossi Rahkonen

    (Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Minna Mänty

    (Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
    Department of Strategy and Research, City of Vantaa, 01030 Vantaa, Finland)

  • Anne Kouvonen

    (Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
    Research Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 53-238 Wroclaw, Poland)

Abstract

It is not well known how the timing of entry into paid employment and physical work exposures contribute to different health outcomes in young employees. Thus, we determined the associations of age at entry into paid employment and physical work exposures with general and mental health in young employees and determined whether associations differ by behavior-related risk factors. Data were collected via online and mailed surveys in autumn 2017 from employees of the City of Helsinki aged 18–39 years (n = 5897; 4630 women and 1267 men, response rate 51.5%). Surveys comprised measures of age at entry into paid employment, seven working conditions, behavior-related risk factors and health outcomes (self-rated health [SRH] and common mental disorders [CMD] as generic indicators of physical and mental health). Logistic regression analysis was used. After full adjustment, age at entry was not associated with the health outcomes; however, in additional analyses, younger age at first employment was associated with smoking and obesity (OR 3.00, 95% CI 2.34–3.85 and 1.67, 95% CI 1.32–2.11 for those started working at age of ≤18 years, respectively). Of the working conditions, sitting and standing were positively associated with poor SRH and CMD and uncomfortable working postures with CMD. Working conditions were broadly similarly associated with health outcomes among those with and without behavior-related risk factors. Although we found little support for modification by behavior-related risk factors, overweight, obesity and smoking were associated with poor SRH and binge drinking and smoking with CMD. Additionally, moderate and high levels of leisure-time physical activity were inversely associated with poor SRH. In conclusion, early entry into paid employment appears not to associate to immediate poorer health in young employees, although it was associated with smoking and obesity even after full adjustment. Exposure to physically heavy work and uncomfortable working postures may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Tea Lallukka & Rahman Shiri & Olli Pietiläinen & Johanna Kausto & Hilla Sumanen & Jaana I. Halonen & Eero Lahelma & Ossi Rahkonen & Minna Mänty & Anne Kouvonen, 2020. "Timing of Entry into Paid Employment, Adverse Physical Work Exposures and Health: The Young Helsinki Health Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:21:p:7854-:d:435158
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Olli Pietiläinen & Mikko Laaksonen & Ossi Rahkonen & Eero Lahelma, 2011. "Self-Rated Health as a Predictor of Disability Retirement – The Contribution of Ill-Health and Working Conditions," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(9), pages 1-7, September.
    2. Green, Michael J. & Leyland, Alastair H. & Sweeting, Helen & Benzeval, Michaela, 2017. "Causal effects of transitions to adult roles on early adult smoking and drinking: Evidence from three cohorts," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 193-202.
    3. Hämmig, Oliver & Gutzwiller, Felix & Kawachi, Ichiro, 2014. "The contribution of lifestyle and work factors to social inequalities in self-rated health among the employed population in Switzerland," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 74-84.
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