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Review of Initiatives and Methodologies to Reduce CO 2 Emissions and Climate Change Effects in Ports

Author

Listed:
  • Sahar Azarkamand

    (Resource Recovery and Environmental Management (R2EM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Chris Wooldridge

    (School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK)

  • R. M. Darbra

    (Resource Recovery and Environmental Management (R2EM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

Abstract

Ports are important infrastructures for economic growth and development. Among the most significant environmental aspects of ports that contribute to the issue of climate change are those due to carbon dioxide emissions generated by port activities. Given the importance of this topic, this paper gathers initiatives and methodologies that have been undertaken to calculate and reduce CO 2 emissions and climate change effects in ports. After studying these methodologies, their strengths and opportunities for further enhancement have been analyzed. The results show that, in recent years, several ports have started to calculate their carbon footprint and report it. However, in some of the cases, not all the sources of GHG gases that are occurring actually in ports are taken into account, such as emissions from waste treatment operations and employees’ commuting. On other occasions, scopes are not defined following standard guidelines. Furthermore, each authority or operator uses its own method to calculate CO 2 emissions, which makes the comparison of results difficult. For these reasons, this paper suggests the need for creating a standardized tool to calculate carbon footprint in ports, which will make it possible to establish a benchmark and a potential comparison of results among ports.

Suggested Citation

  • Sahar Azarkamand & Chris Wooldridge & R. M. Darbra, 2020. "Review of Initiatives and Methodologies to Reduce CO 2 Emissions and Climate Change Effects in Ports," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-17, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:11:p:3858-:d:364526
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Adolfo Carballo-Penela & Ingrid Mateo-Mantecón & Juan Luis Dom�nech & Pablo Coto-Millán, 2012. "From the motorways of the sea to the green corridors' carbon footprint: the case of a port in Spain," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(6), pages 765-782, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gen Li & Shihong Zeng & Tengfei Li & Qiao Peng & Muhammad Irfan, 2023. "Analysing the Effect of Energy Intensity on Carbon Emission Reduction in Beijing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-19, January.
    2. Mohammed Hammam Mohammed Al-Madani & Yudi Fernando & Ming-Lang Tseng, 2022. "Assuring Energy Reporting Integrity: Government Policy’s Past, Present, and Future Roles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-24, November.
    3. Shihong Zeng & Gen Li & Shaomin Wu & Zhanfeng Dong, 2022. "The Impact of Green Technology Innovation on Carbon Emissions in the Context of Carbon Neutrality in China: Evidence from Spatial Spillover and Nonlinear Effect Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-25, January.
    4. Rasool, Samma Faiz & Zaman, Shah & Jehan, Noor & Chin, Tachia & Khan, Saleem & Zaman, Qamar uz, 2022. "Investigating the role of the tech industry, renewable energy, and urbanization in sustainable environment: Policy directions in the context of developing economies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    5. Shiru Yao & Gengyong Cao & Zi Zhan & Qinqin Cao & Hailu Fu & Wenjie Dong, 2022. "Construction of Low-Carbon Ferry—A Case of Jingning, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-9, May.
    6. Xuejun Feng & Jinxing Shen & Haoming Yang & Kang Wang & Qiming Wang & Zhongguo Zhou, 2020. "Time–Frequency Analysis of Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) Concentration in Dry Bulk Ports Using the Hilbert–Huang Transform," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-15, August.
    7. César Ducruet & Hidekazu Itoh & Bárbara Polo Martin & Mame Astou Séné & Mariantonia Lo Prete & Ling Sun & Hidekazu Itoh & Yoann Pigné, 2023. "Ports and their influence on local air pollution and public health: a global analysis," EconomiX Working Papers 2023-32, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.

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