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Explicit Characterization of Spatial Heterogeneity Based on Water Quality, Sediment Contamination, and Ichthyofauna in a Riverine-to-Coastal Zone

Author

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  • Dong-Kyun Kim

    (Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea)

  • Hyunbin Jo

    (Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea)

  • Inwoo Han

    (Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea)

  • Ihn-Sil Kwak

    (Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
    Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea)

Abstract

Our study aims to identify the spatial characteristics of water quality and sediment conditions in relation to fisheries resources, since the productivity of fisheries resources is closely related to the ambient conditions of the resource areas. We collected water quality samples and sediment contaminants from twenty-one sites at Gwangyang Bay, Korea, in the summer of 2018. Our study sites covered the area from the Seomjin River estuary to the inner and outer bays. To spatially characterize physicochemical features of Gwangyang Bay, we used Self-Organizing Map (SOM), which is known as a robust and powerful tool of unsupervised neural networks for pattern recognition. The present environmental conditions of Gwangyang Bay were spatially characterized according to four different attributes of water quality and sediment contamination. From the results, we put emphasis on several interesting points: (i) the SOM manifests the dominant physicochemical attributes of each geographical zone associated with the patterns of water quality and sediment contamination; (ii) fish populations appear to be closely associated with their food sources (e.g., shrimps and crabs) as well as the ambient physicochemical conditions; and (iii) in the context of public health and ecosystem services, the SOM result can potentially offer guidance for fish consumption associated with sediment heavy metal contamination. The present study may have limitations in representing general features of Gwangyang Bay, given the inability of snapshot data to characterize a complex ecosystem. In this regard, consistent sampling and investigation are needed to capture spatial variation and to delineate the temporal dynamics of water quality, sediment contamination, and fish populations. However, the SOM application is helpful and useful as a first approximation of an environmental assessment for the effective management of fisheries resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Dong-Kyun Kim & Hyunbin Jo & Inwoo Han & Ihn-Sil Kwak, 2019. "Explicit Characterization of Spatial Heterogeneity Based on Water Quality, Sediment Contamination, and Ichthyofauna in a Riverine-to-Coastal Zone," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:3:p:409-:d:202298
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Penczak, T. & Głowacki, Ł. & Kruk, A. & Galicka, W., 2012. "Implementation of a self-organizing map for investigation of impoundment impact on fish assemblages in a large, lowland river: Long-term study," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 227(C), pages 64-71.
    2. Park, Young-Seuk & Song, Mi-Young & Park, Young-Cheol & Oh, Kyung-Hee & Cho, Eungchun & Chon, Tae-Soo, 2007. "Community patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates collected on the national scale in Korea," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 203(1), pages 26-33.
    3. Daniel Pauly & Villy Christensen & Sylvie Guénette & Tony J. Pitcher & U. Rashid Sumaila & Carl J. Walters & R. Watson & Dirk Zeller, 2002. "Towards sustainability in world fisheries," Nature, Nature, vol. 418(6898), pages 689-695, August.
    4. Akebe Luther King Abia & Chris James & Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa & Maggy Ndombo Benteke Momba, 2017. "Microbial Remobilisation on Riverbed Sediment Disturbance in Experimental Flumes and a Human-Impacted River: Implication for Water Resource Management and Public Health in Developing Sub-Saharan Afric," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-18, March.
    5. Ekaterini Hadjisolomou & Konstantinos Stefanidis & George Papatheodorou & Evanthia Papastergiadou, 2018. "Assessment of the Eutrophication-Related Environmental Parameters in Two Mediterranean Lakes by Integrating Statistical Techniques and Self-Organizing Maps," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-16, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kiyun Park & Won-Seok Kim & Bohyung Choi & Ihn-Sil Kwak, 2021. "Differential Expression of the Apolipoprotein AI Gene in Spotnape Ponyfish ( Nuchequula nuchalis ) Inhabiting Different Salinity Ranges at the Top of the Estuary and in the Deep-Bay Area of Gwangyang ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-10, October.
    2. Bohyung Choi & Won-Seok Kim & Chang Woo Ji & Min-Seob Kim & Ihn-Sil Kwak, 2021. "Application of Combined Analyses of Stable Isotopes and Stomach Contents for Understanding Ontogenetic Niche Shifts in Silver Croaker ( Pennahia argentata )," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-10, April.

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