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Environmental Silica Dust Exposure and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Johannesburg, South Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Tahira Kootbodien

    (National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa)

  • Samantha Iyaloo

    (National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa)

  • Kerry Wilson

    (National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
    School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa)

  • Nisha Naicker

    (National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
    School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa
    Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa)

  • Spo Kgalamono

    (National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa)

  • Tanya Haman

    (Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
    Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa)

  • Angela Mathee

    (School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa
    Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
    Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa)

  • David Rees

    (National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
    School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa)

Abstract

Background: Occupational crystalline silica dust exposure is associated with an elevated risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). However, there is less evidence for an association with environmental silica dust exposure. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 310 participants was conducted in an exposed community living within 2 km of gold mine tailings and an unexposed population residing more than 10 km from the nearest gold mine tailing. Chest radiographs ( n = 178) were read for PTB, past or current, by three readers. Results: Past or current PTB was radiologically identified in 14.4% (95%CI 9.2–21.8) in the exposed and 7.5% (95%CI 2.8–18.7) in the unexposed groups. Multivariate logistic regression models suggested that PTB prevalence was independently associated with exposure to second-hand smoke (OR = 8.13, 95%CI 1.16–57.22), a lower body mass index (OR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.80–0.98), previous diagnosis and treatment of PTB (OR = 8.98, 95%CI 1.98–40.34), and exposure to dust in the workplace from sand, construction, and/or mining industries (OR = 10.2, 95%CI 2.10–50.11). Conclusion: We found no association between PTB and environmental exposure to gold mine tailing dust. However, workplace silica dust exposure is a significant risk factor for PTB in South Africa, and PTB patients of working age should be screened for silica exposure.

Suggested Citation

  • Tahira Kootbodien & Samantha Iyaloo & Kerry Wilson & Nisha Naicker & Spo Kgalamono & Tanya Haman & Angela Mathee & David Rees, 2019. "Environmental Silica Dust Exposure and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Johannesburg, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-10, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:10:p:1867-:d:234649
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jayadeep Patra & Mehak Bhatia & Wilson Suraweera & Shaun K Morris & Cyril Patra & Prakash C Gupta & Prabhat Jha, 2015. "Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke and the Risk of Tuberculosis in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 18 Observational Studies," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(6), pages 1-21, June.
    2. Lönnroth, Knut & Jaramillo, Ernesto & Williams, Brian G. & Dye, Christopher & Raviglione, Mario, 2009. "Drivers of tuberculosis epidemics: The role of risk factors and social determinants," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(12), pages 2240-2246, June.
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