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Effects of Different Spectral Shapes and Amplitude Modulation of Broadband Noise on Annoyance Reactions in a Controlled Listening Experiment

Author

Listed:
  • Beat Schäffer

    (Empa, Laboratory for Acoustics/Noise Control, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland)

  • Reto Pieren

    (Empa, Laboratory for Acoustics/Noise Control, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland)

  • Sabine J. Schlittmeier

    (HSD Hochschule Döpfer—University of Applied Sciences, 50676 Köln, Germany
    TU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany)

  • Mark Brink

    (Federal Office for the Environment, 3003 Bern, Switzerland)

Abstract

Environmental noise from transportation or industrial infrastructure typically has a broad frequency range. Different sources may have disparate acoustical characteristics, which may in turn affect noise annoyance. However, knowledge of the relative contribution of the different acoustical characteristics of broadband noise to annoyance is still scarce. In this study, the subjectively perceived short-term (acute) annoyance reactions to different broadband sounds (namely, realistic outdoor wind turbine and artificial, generic sounds) at 40 dBA were investigated in a controlled laboratory listening experiment. Combined with the factorial design of the experiment, the sounds allowed for separation of the effects of three acoustical characteristics on annoyance, namely, spectral shape, depth of periodic amplitude modulation (AM), and occurrence (or absence) of random AM. Fifty-two participants rated their annoyance with the sounds. Annoyance increased with increasing energy content in the low-frequency range as well as with depth of periodic AM, and was higher in situations with random AM than without. Similar annoyance changes would be evoked by sound pressure level changes of up to 8 dB. The results suggest that besides standard sound pressure level metrics, other acoustical characteristics of (broadband) noise should also be considered in environmental impact assessments, e.g., in the context of wind turbine installations.

Suggested Citation

  • Beat Schäffer & Reto Pieren & Sabine J. Schlittmeier & Mark Brink, 2018. "Effects of Different Spectral Shapes and Amplitude Modulation of Broadband Noise on Annoyance Reactions in a Controlled Listening Experiment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:5:p:1029-:d:147938
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fabrizio Minichilli & Francesca Gorini & Elena Ascari & Fabrizio Bianchi & Alessio Coi & Luca Fredianelli & Gaetano Licitra & Federica Manzoli & Lorena Mezzasalma & Liliana Cori, 2018. "Annoyance Judgment and Measurements of Environmental Noise: A Focus on Italian Secondary Schools," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-17, January.
    2. Rainer Guski & Dirk Schreckenberg & Rudolf Schuemer, 2017. "WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Annoyance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-39, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Irene van Kamp & Frits van den Berg, 2021. "Health Effects Related to Wind Turbine Sound: An Update," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-29, August.

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