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Assessing the Potential of Land Use Modification to Mitigate Ambient NO 2 and Its Consequences for Respiratory Health

Author

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  • Meenakshi Rao

    (School of the Environment, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA)

  • Linda A. George

    (School of the Environment, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA)

  • Vivek Shandas

    (Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA)

  • Todd N. Rosenstiel

    (Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA)

Abstract

Understanding how local land use and land cover (LULC) shapes intra-urban concentrations of atmospheric pollutants—and thus human health—is a key component in designing healthier cities. Here, NO 2 is modeled based on spatially dense summer and winter NO 2 observations in Portland-Hillsboro-Vancouver (USA), and the spatial variation of NO 2 with LULC investigated using random forest, an ensemble data learning technique. The NO 2 random forest model, together with BenMAP, is further used to develop a better understanding of the relationship among LULC, ambient NO 2 and respiratory health. The impact of land use modifications on ambient NO 2 , and consequently on respiratory health, is also investigated using a sensitivity analysis. We find that NO 2 associated with roadways and tree-canopied areas may be affecting annual incidence rates of asthma exacerbation in 4–12 year olds by +3000 per 100,000 and −1400 per 100,000, respectively. Our model shows that increasing local tree canopy by 5% may reduce local incidences rates of asthma exacerbation by 6%, indicating that targeted local tree-planting efforts may have a substantial impact on reducing city-wide incidence of respiratory distress. Our findings demonstrate the utility of random forest modeling in evaluating LULC modifications for enhanced respiratory health.

Suggested Citation

  • Meenakshi Rao & Linda A. George & Vivek Shandas & Todd N. Rosenstiel, 2017. "Assessing the Potential of Land Use Modification to Mitigate Ambient NO 2 and Its Consequences for Respiratory Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:7:p:750-:d:104201
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Neal Fann & Amy D. Lamson & Susan C. Anenberg & Karen Wesson & David Risley & Bryan J. Hubbell, 2012. "Estimating the National Public Health Burden Associated with Exposure to Ambient PM2.5 and Ozone," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(1), pages 81-95, January.
    2. Sanchez, Brisa N. & Budtz-Jorgensen, Esben & Ryan, Louise M. & Hu, Howard, 2005. "Structural Equation Models: A Review With Applications to Environmental Epidemiology," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 100, pages 1443-1455, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kathleen L. Wolf & Sharon T. Lam & Jennifer K. McKeen & Gregory R.A. Richardson & Matilda van den Bosch & Adrina C. Bardekjian, 2020. "Urban Trees and Human Health: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-30, June.
    2. Hasheel Tularam & Lisa F. Ramsay & Sheena Muttoo & Rajen N. Naidoo & Bert Brunekreef & Kees Meliefste & Kees de Hoogh, 2020. "Harbor and Intra-City Drivers of Air Pollution: Findings from a Land Use Regression Model, Durban, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-16, July.

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