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Bioabsorption and Bioaccumulation of Cadmium in the Straw and Grain of Maize ( Zea mays L.) in Growing Soils Contaminated with Cadmium in Different Environment

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  • Jorge Retamal-Salgado

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez 595, Casilla 537, Chillán 3812120, Chile
    Faculty of Engineering and Business, Universidad Adventista de Chile, km 12 Camino a Tanilvoro, Chillán 3780000, Chile)

  • Juan Hirzel

    (Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Avenida Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3800062, Chile)

  • Ingrid Walter

    (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Apdo. Correos 8111, Madrid 28080, Spain)

  • Iván Matus

    (Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Avenida Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3800062, Chile)

Abstract

There is a worldwide increase of heavy metal or potentially toxic element (PTE), contamination in agricultural soils caused mainly by human and industrial action, which leads to food contamination in crops such as in maize. Cadmium (Cd) is a PTE often found in soils and it is ingested through food. It is necessary to determine the bioabsorption, distribution, and accumulation levels in maize to reduce or prevent food chain contamination. Cadmium absorption and accumulation in three maize cultivars were evaluated in three agricultural environments in Chile by increasing CdCl 2 rates (0, 1, and 2 mg·kg −1 ). Evaluation included Cd accumulation and distribution in different plant tissues, bioaccumulation factor (BAF), bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF), and tolerance index (TI). Cadmium whole-plant uptake was only affected by the CdCl 2 rate; the highest uptake was obtained with 2 mg·kg −1 CdCl 2 (34.4 g·ha −1 ) ( p < 0.05). Cadmium distribution in the maize plant usually exhibited the highest accumulation in the straw ( p < 0.05), independently of the environment, Cd rate, and evaluated cultivar. Given the results for TF (TF > 2) and BAF (BAF > 1), the Los Tilos and Chillán environments were classified as having a high capacity to contaminate the food chain for all evaluated cultivars.

Suggested Citation

  • Jorge Retamal-Salgado & Juan Hirzel & Ingrid Walter & Iván Matus, 2017. "Bioabsorption and Bioaccumulation of Cadmium in the Straw and Grain of Maize ( Zea mays L.) in Growing Soils Contaminated with Cadmium in Different Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:11:p:1399-:d:119167
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dan Zhou & Dan Liu & Fengxiang Gao & Mengke Li & Xianping Luo, 2017. "Effects of Biochar-Derived Sewage Sludge on Heavy Metal Adsorption and Immobilization in Soils," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-15, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jorge Paz-Ferreiro & Gabriel Gascó & Ana Méndez & Suzie M. Reichman, 2018. "Soil Pollution and Remediation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-3, August.
    2. Yan Zha & Lin Zhao & Tianxin Niu & Erkui Yue & Xianbo Wang & Jiang Shi, 2023. "Multi-Target Element-Based Screening of Maize Varieties with Low Accumulation of Heavy Metals (HMs) and Metalloids: Uptake, Transport, and Health Risks," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-15, May.

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