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Experimental and Numerical Studies of a High-Head Francis Turbine: A Review of the Francis-99 Test Case

Author

Listed:
  • Chirag Trivedi

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway)

  • Michel J. Cervantes

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
    Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology Sweden, Luleå 97187, Sweden)

  • Ole G. Dahlhaug

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway)

Abstract

Hydraulic turbines are widely used to meet real-time electricity demands. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques have played an important role in the design and development of such turbines. The simulation of a complete turbine requires substantial computational resources. A specific approach that is applied to investigate the flow field of one turbine may not work for another turbine. A series of Francis-99 workshops have been planned to discuss and explore the CFD techniques applied within the field of hydropower with application to high-head Francis turbines. The first workshop was held in December 2014 at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway. The steady-state measurements were conducted on a model Francis turbine. Three operating points, part load, best efficiency point, and high load, were investigated. The complete geometry, meshing, and experimental data concerning the hydraulic efficiency, pressure, and velocity were provided to the academic and industrial research groups. Various researchers have conducted extensive numerical studies on the high-head Francis turbine, and the obtained results were presented during the workshop. This paper discusses the presented numerical results and the important outcome of the extensive numerical studies on the Francis turbine. The use of a wall function assuming equilibrium between the production and dissipation of turbulence is widely used in the simulation of hydraulic turbines. The boundary layer of hydraulic turbines is not fully developed because of the continuously-changing geometry and large pressure gradients. There is a need to develop wall functions that enable the estimation of viscous losses under boundary development for accurate simulations. Improved simulations and results enable reliable estimation of the blade loading. Numerical investigations on leakage flow through the labyrinth seals were conducted. The volumetric efficiency and losses in the seals were determined. The seal leakage losses formulated through analytical techniques are sufficient.

Suggested Citation

  • Chirag Trivedi & Michel J. Cervantes & Ole G. Dahlhaug, 2016. "Experimental and Numerical Studies of a High-Head Francis Turbine: A Review of the Francis-99 Test Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-24, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:2:p:74-:d:62911
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Dmitriy Demyanov, 2015. "Analysis and prospects of development of the tourism industry in Russia," Published Papers ch1638, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
    2. Lv, Kai & Xie, Yudong & Wang, Yong & Sun, Guang, 2021. "Performance investigations of a control valve with the function of energy harvesting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    3. Goyal, Rahul & Gandhi, Bhupendra K., 2018. "Review of hydrodynamics instabilities in Francis turbine during off-design and transient operations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 697-709.
    4. Lai, Xide & Chen, Xiaoming & Liang, Quanwei & Ye, Daoxing & Gou, Qiuqin & Wang, Rongtao & Yan, Yi, 2023. "Experimental and numerical investigation of vortex flows and pressure fluctuations in a high-head pump-turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 236-247.
    5. Xing Zhou & Changzheng Shi & Kazuyoshi Miyagawa & Hegao Wu & Jinhong Yu & Zhu Ma, 2020. "Investigation of Pressure Fluctuation and Pulsating Hydraulic Axial Thrust in Francis Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-16, April.
    6. Joy, Jesline & Raisee, Mehrdad & Cervantes, Michel J., 2023. "Experimental investigation of an adjustable guide vane system in a Francis turbine draft tube at part load operation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 737-750.
    7. Raluca G. Iovănel & Georgiana Dunca & Diana M. Bucur & Michel J. Cervantes, 2020. "Numerical Simulation of the Flow in a Kaplan Turbine Model during Transient Operation from the Best Efficiency Point to Part Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-21, June.
    8. Santiago Laín & Manuel A. Taborda & Omar D. López, 2018. "Numerical Study of the Effect of Winglets on the Performance of a Straight Blade Darrieus Water Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-24, January.
    9. Santiago Laín & Pablo Cortés & Omar Darío López, 2020. "Numerical Simulation of the Flow around a Straight Blade Darrieus Water Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-27, March.
    10. Sun, Longgang & Guo, Pengcheng & Yan, Jianguo, 2021. "Transient analysis of load rejection for a high-head Francis turbine based on structured overset mesh," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 658-671.
    11. Lucie Zemanová & Pavel Rudolf, 2020. "Flow Inside the Sidewall Gaps of Hydraulic Machines: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-37, December.
    12. Chirag Trivedi & Igor Iliev & Ole Gunnar Dahlhaug, 2020. "Numerical Study of a Francis Turbine over Wide Operating Range: Some Practical Aspects of Verification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-10, May.
    13. Trivedi, Chirag & Cervantes, Michel J., 2017. "Fluid-structure interactions in Francis turbines: A perspective review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 87-101.

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