IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i16p4389-d1726653.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Evaluation of Tire Pyrolysis Oil–HVO Blends as Alternative Diesel Fuels: Lubricity, Engine Performance, and Emission Impacts

Author

Listed:
  • Tomas Mickevičius

    (Department of Mechanical, Energy and Biotechnology Engineering, Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy, Universiteto St. 10, Akademija, LT-53361 Kauno, Lithuania)

  • Agnieszka Dudziak

    (Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Jonas Matijošius

    (Mechanical Science Institute, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University-VILNIUS TECH, Plytines Str. 25, LT-10105 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Alfredas Rimkus

    (Department of Automobile Engineering, Faculty of Transport Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University-VILNIUS TECH, Plytinės Str. 25, LT-10105 Vilnius, Lithuania)

Abstract

In the pursuit of sustainable and circular energy sources, this study examines the potential of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) as a diesel fuel substitute when combined with hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), a second-generation biofuel. At varying TPO-HVO blend percentages, this investigation evaluates engine performance and emissions in relation to critical fuel parameters, including density, viscosity, and lubricity. The high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) method was employed to examine tribological aspects, and a single-cylinder diesel engine was tested under various load conditions. The findings indicated that blends containing up to 30% TPO maintained sufficient lubrication and engine performance to comply with diesel standards, concurrently reducing carbon monoxide and smoke emissions. The increase in TPO proportion resulted in a decrease in cetane number, an increase in NOx emissions, and a rise in viscosity, particularly under full engine load conditions. The utilization of TPO is crucial for converting tire waste into fuel, as it mitigates the accumulation of tire waste and reduces dependence on fossil fuels, despite existing challenges. This study provides critical insights into the efficacy of blending methods and underscores the necessity of additional fuel refining processes, such as cetane enhancement and desulfurization, to facilitate their integration into transportation energy systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomas Mickevičius & Agnieszka Dudziak & Jonas Matijošius & Alfredas Rimkus, 2025. "Evaluation of Tire Pyrolysis Oil–HVO Blends as Alternative Diesel Fuels: Lubricity, Engine Performance, and Emission Impacts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-20, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:16:p:4389-:d:1726653
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/16/4389/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/16/4389/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kamil DUDA & Sławomir WIERZBICKI & Maciej MIKULSKI & Łukasz KONIECZNY & Bogusław ŁAZARZ & Magdalena LETUŃ-ŁĄTKA, 2021. "Emissions From A Medium-Duty Crdi Engine Fuelled With Diesel–Biodiesel Blends," Transport Problems, Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Transport, vol. 16(1), pages 39-49, March.
    2. Bi, Rongshan & Zhang, Yan & Jiang, Xiao & Yang, Haixing & Yan, Kejia & Han, Min & Li, Wenhua & Zhong, Hua & Tan, Xinshun & Xia, Li & Sun, Xiaoyan & Xiang, Shuangguang, 2022. "Simulation and techno-economical analysis on the pyrolysis process of waste tire," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    3. Kumaravel, S.T. & Murugesan, A. & Kumaravel, A., 2016. "Tyre pyrolysis oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engines – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1678-1685.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Slavin Viktor & Shuba Yevheniy & Caban Jacek & Matijosius Jonas & Rimkus Alfredas & Korpach Anatolii & Gutarevych Serhiy, 2022. "The Performance of a Car with Various Engine Power Systems – Part II," LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics, Sciendo, vol. 13(1), pages 141-151, January.
    2. Zhang, Jiehan & Wang, Xinkun & Chen, Zhaohui & Zhang, Xinyu & Yue, Junrong & Zhou, Ridong & Lai, Dengguo & Yu, Jian & Li, Jianling & Xu, Guangwen, 2024. "Regulation of volatile reactions through thermal/catalytic cracking during scrap tires pyrolysis for high-valued chemicals production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    3. Gamboa, Alexander R. & Rocha, Ana M.A. & dos Santos, Leila R. & de Carvalho, João A., 2020. "Tire pyrolysis oil in Brazil: Potential production and quality of fuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    4. Goel, Varun & Kumar, Naresh & Singh, Paramvir, 2018. "Impact of modified parameters on diesel engine characteristics using biodiesel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2716-2729.
    5. Arkadiusz Małek & Agnieszka Dudziak & Jacek Caban & Monika Stoma, 2024. "Strategic Model for Yellow Hydrogen Production Using the Metalog Family of Probability Distributions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-24, May.
    6. Hoang, Anh Tuan & Murugesan, Parthasarathy & PV, Elumalai & Balasubramanian, Dhinesh & Parida, Satyajeet & Priya Jayabal, Chandra & Nachippan, Murugu & Kalam, M.A & Truong, Thanh Hai & Cao, Dao Nam & , 2023. "Strategic combination of waste plastic/tire pyrolysis oil with biodiesel for natural gas-enriched HCCI engine: Experimental analysis and machine learning model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    7. Cho, Seong-Heon & Oh, Jeong-Ik & Jung, Sungyup & Park, Young-Kwon & Tsang, Yiu Fai & Ok, Yong Sik & Kwon, Eilhann E., 2020. "Catalytic pyrolytic platform for scrap tires using CO2 and steel slag," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    8. Zhang, Menghui & Qi, Yongfeng & Zhang, Wan & Wang, Meiting & Li, Jingyi & Lu, Yi & Zhang, Sheng & He, Jiazheng & Cao, Hao & Tao, Xuan & Xu, Hanlu & Zhang, Sheng, 2024. "A review on waste tires pyrolysis for energy and material recovery from the optimization perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    9. Gui, Fangxu & Chen, Heng & Zheng, Qiwei & Zhao, Huanlin & Pan, Peiyuan & Bian, Jiayu & Yu, Zhiyong, 2024. "Performance analysis of a novel multi-production design via the integration of medical waste plasma gasification and waste tire pyrolysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    10. Purushothaman Paneerselvam & Gnanamoorthi Venkadesan & Mebin Samuel Panithasan & Gurusamy Alaganathan & Sławomir Wierzbicki & Maciej Mikulski, 2021. "Evaluating the Influence of Cetane Improver Additives on the Outcomes of a Diesel Engine Characteristics Fueled with Peppermint Oil Diesel Blend," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-15, May.
    11. Chintala, Venkateswarlu, 2018. "Production, upgradation and utilization of solar assisted pyrolysis fuels from biomass – A technical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 120-130.
    12. Liu, Jingyuan & Zhou, Jianzhao & Ren, Jingzheng, 2025. "Waste tires to blue hydrogen by integrating plasma gasification process, CO2 capture and cascade power generation: New process development and technical feasibility analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    13. Varun, & Singh, Paramvir & Tiwari, Samaresh Kumar & Singh, Rituparn & Kumar, Naresh, 2017. "Modification in combustion chamber geometry of CI engines for suitability of biodiesel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1016-1033.
    14. Li, Dan & Lei, Shijun & Rajput, Gulzeb & Zhong, Lei & Ma, Wenchao & Chen, Guanyi, 2021. "Study on the co-pyrolysis of waste tires and plastics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    15. Magdalena Szwaja & Mariusz Chwist & Stanislaw Szwaja & Romualdas Juknelevičius, 2021. "Impact of Pyrolysis Oil Addition to Ethanol on Combustion in the Internal Combustion Spark Ignition Engine," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-12, May.
    16. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Al-Ansari, Tareq & Inayat, Muddasser & Sulaiman, Shaharin A. & Parthasarathy, Prakash & McKay, Gordon, 2020. "A critical review on the influence of process parameters in catalytic co-gasification: Current performance and challenges for a future prospectus," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    17. Alexey Paukov & Romen Magaril & Elena Magaril, 2019. "An Investigation of the Feasibility of the Organic Municipal Solid Waste Processing by Coking," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-13, January.
    18. Liu, Jingyuan & Zhou, Jianzhao & Ren, Jingzheng, 2025. "Recent advances of energetic valorization technologies for waste tires: A systematic review of thermochemical and integrated processes, challenges, and future directions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    19. Jiří Bojanovský & Vítězslav Máša & Igor Hudák & Pavel Skryja & Josef Hopjan, 2022. "Rotary Kiln, a Unit on the Border of the Process and Energy Industry—Current State and Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-34, October.
    20. Leszek Chybowski & Marcin Szczepanek & Waldemar Kuczyński & Iwona Michalska-Pożoga & Tomasz Pusty & Piotr Brożek & Robert Pełech, 2025. "Content of Selected Compounds in the Exhaust Gas of a Naturally Aspirated CI Engine Fueled with Diesel–Tire Pyrolysis Oil Blend," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-24, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:16:p:4389-:d:1726653. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.