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Enhancing Lithium Titanate Battery Charging: Investigating the Benefits of Open-Circuit Voltage Feedback

Author

Listed:
  • Danijel Pavković

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Mihael Cipek

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Karlo Kvaternik

    (AVL-AST d.o.o., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Nursultan Faiz

    (Faculty of Information Technologies, Telecommunications and Automatized Systems, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent 160012, Kazakhstan)

  • Alua Shambilova

    (Faculty of Information Technologies, Telecommunications and Automatized Systems, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent 160012, Kazakhstan)

Abstract

In applications where it is crucial that a battery is recharged from the partially discharged state in the minimum time, it is crucial to honor the technological constraints related to maximum safe battery terminal voltage and maximum continuous charging current prescribed by the battery cell manufacturer. To this end, this contribution outlines the design and comprehensive simulation analysis of an adaptive battery charging system relying on battery open-circuit voltage estimation in real time. A pseudo-random binary sequence test signal and model reference adaptive system are used for the estimation of lithium titanate battery cell electrical circuit model parameters, with the design methodology based on the Lyapunov stability criterion. The proposed adaptive charger is assessed against the conventional constant-current/constant-voltage charging system. The effectiveness of the real-time parameter estimator, along with both the adaptive and traditional charging systems for the lithium titanate battery cell, is validated through simulations and experiments on a dedicated battery test bench.

Suggested Citation

  • Danijel Pavković & Mihael Cipek & Karlo Kvaternik & Nursultan Faiz & Alua Shambilova, 2025. "Enhancing Lithium Titanate Battery Charging: Investigating the Benefits of Open-Circuit Voltage Feedback," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-28, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:15:p:3946-:d:1708712
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yifan Chen & Zhong Hu, 2025. "Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling of Pack-Level Battery Thermal Management Systems in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-30, January.
    2. Carla Menale & Stefano Constà & Vincenzo Sglavo & Livia Della Seta & Roberto Bubbico, 2022. "Experimental Investigation of Overdischarge Effects on Commercial Li-Ion Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-16, November.
    3. Ibrahima Touré & Alireza Payman & Mamadou Baïlo Camara & Brayima Dakyo, 2025. "Control Strategy of a Multi-Source System Based on Batteries, Wind Turbines, and Electrolyzers for Hydrogen Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-19, May.
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