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Stability Analysis of Power Systems with High Penetration of State-of-the-Art Inverter Technologies

Author

Listed:
  • Sayan Samanta

    (Power Systems Engineering Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Bowen Yang

    (Power Systems Engineering Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Gab-Su Seo

    (Power Systems Engineering Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA)

Abstract

With the increasing level of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in modern power systems, this paper presents a small-signal stability analysis for power systems comprising synchronous generators (SGs) and IBRs. Four types of inverter controls are considered: two grid-following (GFL) controls, with or without grid support functions; droop-based grid-forming (GFM) controls; and virtual oscillator control-based GFM. We also analyze the impact of STATCOM and synchronous condensers on system stability to assess their role in the energy mix transition. With the small-signal dynamic behavior of the major technologies modeled, this paper provides stringent stability assessments using the IEEE 39-bus benchmark system modified to simulate future power systems. The exhaustive test cases allow for (a) assessing the impacts of different types and controls of generation and supplementary grid assets, as well as system inertia and line impedance on grid stability, and (b) elucidating pathways for the stabilization of IBR-dominated power systems. The analysis also indicates that future power systems can be stabilized with only a fraction of the total generation as voltage sources without SGs or significant system inertia if they are well distributed. This study provides insights into future power system operations with a high level of IBRs that can also be used for planning and operation studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Sayan Samanta & Bowen Yang & Gab-Su Seo, 2025. "Stability Analysis of Power Systems with High Penetration of State-of-the-Art Inverter Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-21, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:14:p:3645-:d:1698438
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Muhammad Yasir Ali Khan & Haoming Liu & Zhihao Yang & Xiaoling Yuan, 2020. "A Comprehensive Review on Grid Connected Photovoltaic Inverters, Their Modulation Techniques, and Control Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-40, August.
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    1. Kiryeon Lee & Myungseok Yoon & Jonghyun Lee & Seungjun Gham & Sungyun Choi, 2025. "Impact of Short Circuit Ratio on Harmonic Distortion in Offshore Wind Farm Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Krzysztof Tomczyk & Marek Sieja & Ksenia Ostrowska & Danuta Owczarek, 2025. "Review of Accuracy Assessment Methods for Current Transformers: Errors, Uncertainties, and Dynamic Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-36, September.
    3. Youzhuo Zheng & Zekun Xiao & Long Hua & Qi Guo & Chun Li & Kailei Chen, 2025. "Transient Stability Control Method for Droop-Controlled Photovoltaics, Based on Power Angle Deviation Feedback," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-15, September.

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