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Modular-Multi-Port-Converter-Based Battery Energy Storage System with Integrated Battery Management Functions

Author

Listed:
  • Bortecene Yildirim

    (School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK)

  • Mohammed A. Elgendy

    (School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK)

  • Andrew Smith

    (School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK)

  • Mehmet C. Kulan

    (School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK)

  • Bahadir Akbal

    (Electric Electronic Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey)

Abstract

Modular converters offer an effective solution for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) by lowering battery pack voltage levels and enabling additional functionalities, such as state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) balancing, temperature regulation, and improved system reliability. However, conventional modular designs often require numerous additional components, including passive elements, switches, and sensing circuits. This paper proposes a modular multi-port converter (MMPC) BESS that combines energy conversion and battery management functions, leveraging the benefits of both modular and multi-port architectures. The proposed system demonstrates promising scalability and adaptability within the tested voltage and power ranges, with potential for extension to higher voltage and power applications through modular expansion. It also introduces an additional control layer, enhancing flexibility for control optimization and cost-effectiveness while improving reliability by reducing dependency on bypass switches. A prototype utilizing three dual-port converters managing six battery packs was developed. The experimental results confirm that the MMPC-based BESS achieves energy conversion and effectively balances the SoC among battery packs during both charging and discharging, under initial SoC mismatches.

Suggested Citation

  • Bortecene Yildirim & Mohammed A. Elgendy & Andrew Smith & Mehmet C. Kulan & Bahadir Akbal, 2025. "Modular-Multi-Port-Converter-Based Battery Energy Storage System with Integrated Battery Management Functions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:12:p:3142-:d:1679508
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Abdul Mannan Rauf & Mohamed Abdel-Monem & Thomas Geury & Omar Hegazy, 2023. "A Review on Multilevel Converters for Efficient Integration of Battery Systems in Stationary Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-38, May.
    2. Yingyue Li & Hongjun Li & Rui Miao & He Qi & Yi Zhang, 2023. "Energy–Environment–Economy (3E) Analysis of the Performance of Introducing Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems into Residential Buildings: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-25, June.
    3. Murat Ceylan & Abdulkadir Balikci, 2023. "An Intermodular Active Balancing Topology for Efficient Operation of High Voltage Battery Packs in Li-Ion Based Energy Storage Systems: Switched (Flying) DC/DC Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-22, July.
    4. Guangwei Wan & Qiang Zhang & Menghan Li & Siyuan Li & Zehao Fu & Junjie Liu & Gang Li, 2023. "Improved Battery Balancing Control Strategy for Reconfigurable Converter Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-21, July.
    5. M A Sasi Bhushan & M. Sudhakaran & Sattianadan Dasarathan & Mariappane E, 2025. "Integration of a Heterogeneous Battery Energy Storage System into the Puducherry Smart Grid with Time-Varying Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-20, January.
    6. Jianlin Wang & Shenglong Zhou & Jinlu Mao, 2024. "Research on Fast SOC Balance Control of Modular Battery Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-14, November.
    7. Hua Song & Huaizhi Chen & Yanbo Wang & Xiang-E Sun, 2024. "An Overview About Second-Life Battery Utilization for Energy Storage: Key Challenges and Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-26, December.
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