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Analysis and Control of Voltage Stability in Offshore Wind Systems Under Small Disturbances

Author

Listed:
  • João P. L. Dantas

    (Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia, Paulo Afonso 48607000, BA, Brazil)

  • Marley F. Tavares

    (Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia, Paulo Afonso 48607000, BA, Brazil)

  • Ana J. O. Marques

    (Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia, Paulo Afonso 48607000, BA, Brazil)

  • Murilo E. C. Bento

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941909, RJ, Brazil)

Abstract

This paper proposes an analysis of voltage stability under small disturbances following the integration of an offshore wind farm into a real power system, considering various load and generation scenarios under both normal and post-disturbance conditions. This study utilizes the southern region equivalent system, simulated with Anarede software version 11.7.2, an offshore wind farm with a maximum capacity of 2010 MW. This wind farm is modeled as a PQ bus, operating at partial (50%) and full (100%) generation levels. Three power factor scenarios are examined: resistive, capacitive, and inductive. Submodule 2.3 of the Brazilian National System Operator guidelines states that the base case operating conditions are considered voltage insecurity. Resistive and capacitive power factor operation improved voltage stability margins but resulted in overvoltage on several buses. Conversely, inductive power factor operation led to reduced stability margins and undervoltages at buses near the wind farm. Contingency analysis further revealed stability margins below security limits. Static Var Compensators were installed at critical buses to mitigate these effects, successfully eliminating the initial overvoltage and undervoltage. Modeling as PQ buses does not guarantee stability, making compensators essential for the safe integration of offshore wind generation in Brazilian test systems.

Suggested Citation

  • João P. L. Dantas & Marley F. Tavares & Ana J. O. Marques & Murilo E. C. Bento, 2025. "Analysis and Control of Voltage Stability in Offshore Wind Systems Under Small Disturbances," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-23, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:12:p:3050-:d:1675050
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kai-Hung Lu & Qianlin Rao, 2023. "Enhancing the Dynamic Stability of Integrated Offshore Wind Farms and Photovoltaic Farms Using STATCOM with Intelligent Damping Controllers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-21, September.
    2. Alfredo Bonini Neto & Dilson Amancio Alves & Carlos Roberto Minussi, 2022. "Artificial Neural Networks: Multilayer Perceptron and Radial Basis to Obtain Post-Contingency Loading Margin in Electrical Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-14, October.
    3. Muhammad Nadeem & Kashif Imran & Abraiz Khattak & Abasin Ulasyar & Anamitra Pal & Muhammad Zulqarnain Zeb & Atif Naveed Khan & Malhar Padhee, 2020. "Optimal Placement, Sizing and Coordination of FACTS Devices in Transmission Network Using Whale Optimization Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-24, February.
    4. Oscar Danilo Montoya & Walter Gil-González & Andrés Arias-Londoño & Arul Rajagopalan & Jesus C. Hernández, 2020. "Voltage Stability Analysis in Medium-Voltage Distribution Networks Using a Second-Order Cone Approximation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-15, November.
    5. Masato Miyazaki & Mutsumi Aoki & Yuta Nakamura, 2025. "Voltage Stability Estimation Considering Variability in Reactive Power Reserves Using Regression Trees," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-16, March.
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