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A Cost-Effective and Reliable Junction-Box–Integrated Rapid Shutdown System for BIPV Applications

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  • Joon-Young Jeon

    (Artificial Intelligence Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute, 9, Cheomdanventure-ro 108beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea)

  • Minkook Kim

    (Artificial Intelligence Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute, 9, Cheomdanventure-ro 108beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea)

  • Myungwoo Son

    (Artificial Intelligence Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute, 9, Cheomdanventure-ro 108beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea)

  • Ju-Hee Kim

    (Artificial Intelligence Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute, 9, Cheomdanventure-ro 108beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea)

  • Young-Dal Lee

    (Department of Future Mobility, College of AI, Chonnam National University 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea)

  • Yong-Hyun Kim

    (Artificial Intelligence Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute, 9, Cheomdanventure-ro 108beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

In response to fire safety risks associated with photovoltaic (PV) systems and evolving rapid shutdown requirements, this paper proposes a cost-effective and reliable rapid shutdown solution integrated directly into the PV module junction box. The system employs analog circuitry triggered by an external pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal, with optocoupler isolation and a controlled short-circuit method to rapidly reduce the module output voltage. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the output voltage is reduced to approximately 2 V within 280 ms, satisfying the U.S. National Electrical Code (NEC) 690.12 requirements. This junction-box–integrated approach eliminates the complexity of conventional module-level power electronics (MLPE) systems and offers a highly practical alternative for building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications where partial shading is minimal.

Suggested Citation

  • Joon-Young Jeon & Minkook Kim & Myungwoo Son & Ju-Hee Kim & Young-Dal Lee & Yong-Hyun Kim, 2025. "A Cost-Effective and Reliable Junction-Box–Integrated Rapid Shutdown System for BIPV Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:11:p:2983-:d:1672414
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sajid Sarwar & Muhammad Yaqoob Javed & Mujtaba Hussain Jaffery & Muhammad Saqib Ashraf & Muhammad Talha Naveed & Muhammad Annas Hafeez, 2022. "Modular Level Power Electronics (MLPE) Based Distributed PV System for Partial Shaded Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-39, June.
    2. Yang, Rebecca & Zang, Yukun & Yang, Jiaqi & Wakefield, Ron & Nguyen, Kate & Shi, Long & Trigunarsyah, Bambang & Parolini, Fabio & Bonomo, Pierluigi & Frontini, Francesco & Qi, Dahai & Ko, Yoon & Deng,, 2023. "Fire safety requirements for building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): A cross-country comparison," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
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