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Small-Signal Stability Analysis of DC Microgrids

Author

Listed:
  • Alamgir Hossain

    (Centre for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia)

  • Michael Negnevitsky

    (Centre for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia)

  • Xiaolin Wang

    (Centre for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia)

  • Evan Franklin

    (Centre for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia)

  • Waqas Hassan

    (Centre for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia)

  • Md. Alamgir Hossain

    (Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia)

  • Evan Gray

    (Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia)

  • Pooyan Alinaghi Hosseinabadi

    (Centre for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia)

Abstract

The conventional cascaded control strategies using proportional-integral-derivative controllers often result in high settling times, considerable oscillations, poor voltage regulation, and low bandwidth. This leads to unsatisfactory performance in systems where multiple input variables are each subject to high levels of temporal variability, such as in DC microgrids (MGs) with renewable sources of generation. To overcome these challenges, a new combined control technique including average current mode and PI controllers based on root locus tuning is proposed for DC MGs to maintain small-signal stability. An analytical small-signal equivalent model of DC MG, including the proposed control, is developed to examine the impact of control parameter variations on system dynamics. The stability of the DC MG is assessed to evaluate the effectiveness of the designed controller, while a sensitivity analysis identifies critical parameters affecting system performance. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated through a comprehensive comparative analysis with a conventional PID controller and a terminal sliding mode controller, which specifically addresses small-signal disturbances. Results demonstrate that the proposed control scheme provides superior robustness against small-signal disturbances, minimises settling time, and eliminates oscillations. Moreover, it offers improved power quality, bandwidth, and voltage regulation compared to conventional methods under both normal operating conditions and in response to small-signal perturbations.

Suggested Citation

  • Alamgir Hossain & Michael Negnevitsky & Xiaolin Wang & Evan Franklin & Waqas Hassan & Md. Alamgir Hossain & Evan Gray & Pooyan Alinaghi Hosseinabadi, 2025. "Small-Signal Stability Analysis of DC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-27, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:10:p:2467-:d:1653486
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Walid Nassar & Olimpo Anaya-Lara & Khaled Ahmed, 2021. "Coordinating Control of an Offshore LVDC Microgrid Based Renewable Energy Resources for Voltage Regulation and Circulating Current Minimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-30, June.
    2. Hang Wang & Yanfei Dong & Guofeng He & Wenbin Song, 2024. "Fixed-Time Backstepping Sliding-Mode Control for Interleaved Boost Converter in DC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-20, October.
    3. Abdul Motin Howlader & Hidehito Matayoshi & Saeed Sepasi & Tomonobu Senjyu, 2018. "Design and Line Fault Protection Scheme of a DC Microgrid Based on Battery Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-22, July.
    4. Vitor Fernão Pires & Armando Pires & Armando Cordeiro, 2023. "DC Microgrids: Benefits, Architectures, Perspectives and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-20, January.
    5. Shengyang Lu & Tongwei Yu & Huiwen Liu & Wuyang Zhang & Yuqiu Sui & Junyou Yang & Li Zhang & Jiaxu Zhou & Haixin Wang, 2022. "Research on Flexible Virtual Inertia Control Method Based on the Small Signal Model of DC Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-14, November.
    6. Sana Sahbani & Oumnia Licer & Hassane Mahmoudi & Abdennebi Hasnaoui & Mustapha Kchikach, 2024. "Enhancing Power Quality in Standalone Microgrids Powered by Wind and Battery Systems Using HO Algorithm Based Super Twisting Sliding Mode Controllers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-15, December.
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