IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i9p2014-d1381926.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Applications of Oxyhydrogen, Direct Water Injection, and Early-Intake Valve Closure Technologies on a Petrol Spark Ignition Engine—A Path towards Zero-Emission Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines

Author

Listed:
  • Xiangtao Kong

    (Engineering Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK)

  • Yaodong Wang

    (Engineering Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK)

Abstract

This study investigates the performance of a 4-MIX engine utilizing hydrogen combustion in pure oxygen, water injection, and the application of the early-intake valve closure (EIVC) Miller cycle. Transitioning from a standard petrol–oil mix to hydrogen fuel with pure oxygen combustion aims to reduce emissions. Performance comparisons between baseline and oxyhydrogen engines showed proportional growth in the energy input rate with increasing rotational speed. The oxyhydrogen engine exhibited smoother reductions in brake torque and thermal efficiency as rotational speed increased compared to the baseline, attributed to hydrogen’s higher heating value. Water injection targeted cylinder and exhaust temperature reduction while maintaining a consistent injected mass. The results indicated a threshold of around 2.5 kg/h for the optimal water injection rate, beyond which positive effects on engine performance emerged. Investigation into the EIVC Miller cycle revealed improvements in brake torque, thermal efficiency, and brake specific fuel consumption as early-intake valve closure increased. Overall, the EIVC model exhibited superior energy efficiency, torque output, and thermal efficiency compared to alternative models, effectively addressing emissions and cylinder temperature concerns.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiangtao Kong & Yaodong Wang, 2024. "Applications of Oxyhydrogen, Direct Water Injection, and Early-Intake Valve Closure Technologies on a Petrol Spark Ignition Engine—A Path towards Zero-Emission Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-31, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:9:p:2014-:d:1381926
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/9/2014/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/9/2014/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhao, Jinxing, 2017. "Research and application of over-expansion cycle (Atkinson and Miller) engines – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 300-319.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Osorio, Julian D. & Rivera-Alvarez, Alejandro, 2018. "Efficiency enhancement of spark-ignition engines using a Continuous Variable Valve Timing system for load control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 649-662.
    2. Shen, Kai & Xu, Zishun & Chen, Hong & Zhang, Zhendong, 2021. "Investigation on the EGR effect to further improve fuel economy and emissions effect of Miller cycle turbocharged engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PB).
    3. Wang, Dawei & Shi, Lei & Zhu, Sipeng & Liu, Bo & Qian, Yuehua & Deng, Kangyao, 2020. "Numerical and thermodynamic study on effects of high and low pressure exhaust gas recirculation on turbocharged marine low-speed engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    4. Pedrozo, Vinícius B. & Zhao, Hua, 2018. "Improvement in high load ethanol-diesel dual-fuel combustion by Miller cycle and charge air cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 138-151.
    5. Wang, Rumin & Qiao, Junhao & Jia, Dongdong & Shen, Dazhi & Duan, Xiongbo & Liu, Jingping, 2024. "Effects of asynchronous late intake valve closing combined with high geometric compression ratio and exhaust gas recirculation on combustion and fuel consumption in a turbocharged SI engine:An experim," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    6. Li, Yangtao & Khajepour, Amir & Devaud, Cécile & Liu, Kaimin, 2017. "Power and fuel economy optimizations of gasoline engines using hydraulic variable valve actuation system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 577-593.
    7. Li, Yangtao & Khajepour, Amir & Devaud, Cécile, 2018. "Realization of variable Otto-Atkinson cycle using variable timing hydraulic actuated valve train for performance and efficiency improvements in unthrottled gasoline engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 199-215.
    8. Lu, Yiji & Roskilly, Anthony Paul & Yu, Xiaoli & Jiang, Long & Chen, Longfei, 2018. "Technical feasibility study of scroll-type rotary gasoline engine: A compact and efficient small-scale Humphrey cycle engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 67-74.
    9. Rocha, Déborah Domingos da & de Castro Radicchi, Fábio & Lopes, Gustavo Santos & Brunocilla, Marcello Francisco & Gomes, Paulo César de Ferreira & Santos, Nathalia Duarte Souza Alvarenga & Malaquias, , 2021. "Study of the water injection control parameters on combustion performance of a spark-ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    10. Zhao, Jinxing & Fu, Rui & Wang, Sen & Xu, Hongchang & Yuan, Zhiyuan, 2022. "Fuel economy improvement of a turbocharged gasoline SI engine through combining cooled EGR and high compression ratio," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    11. Zhu, Sipeng & Liu, Sheng & Qu, Shuan & Deng, Kangyao, 2017. "Thermodynamic and experimental researches on matching strategies of the pre-turbine steam injection and the Miller cycle applied on a turbocharged diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 488-505.
    12. Andrzej Szałek & Ireneusz Pielecha, 2021. "The Influence of Engine Downsizing in Hybrid Powertrains on the Energy Flow Indicators under Actual Traffic Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-12, May.
    13. Xuewei Pan & Yinghua Zhao & Diming Lou & Liang Fang, 2020. "Study of the Miller Cycle on a Turbocharged DI Gasoline Engine Regarding Fuel Economy Improvement at Part Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-26, March.
    14. Jeongwoo Song & Han Ho Song, 2020. "Analytical Approach to the Exergy Destruction and the Simple Expansion Work Potential in the Constant Internal Energy and Volume Combustion Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-24, January.
    15. Michał Głogowski & Przemysław Kubiak & Szymon Szufa & Piotr Piersa & Łukasz Adrian & Mateusz Krukowski, 2021. "The Use of the Fourier Series to Analyze the Shaping of Thermodynamic Processes in Heat Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-23, April.
    16. Teodosio, Luigi & Pirrello, Dino & Berni, Fabio & De Bellis, Vincenzo & Lanzafame, Rosario & D'Adamo, Alessandro, 2018. "Impact of intake valve strategies on fuel consumption and knock tendency of a spark ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 91-104.
    17. Yuh-Yih Wu & James H. Wang & Faizan Mushtaq Mir, 2018. "Improving the Thermal Efficiency of the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine by Using Various Combustion Patterns," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-20, November.
    18. Jena, Priyaranjan & Tirkey, Jeewan Vachan, 2024. "Power and efficiency improvement of SI engine fueled with boosted producer gas-methane blends and LIVC-miller cycle strategy: Thermodynamic and optimization studies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    19. Zhou, Xianjie & Chen, Zheng & Zou, Peng & Liu, Jingping & Duan, Xiongbo & Qin, Tao & Zhang, Shiheng & Shen, Dazi, 2020. "Combustion and energy balance analysis of an unthrottled gasoline engine equipped with innovative variable valvetrain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    20. Marcellin Perceau & Philippe Guibert & Stéphane Guilain, 2021. "Flow Field Parametric Interpolation Using a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition: Application to the Variable Valve Timing Effect on a Tumble In-cylinder Miller Engine Mean Flow," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-18, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:9:p:2014-:d:1381926. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.