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LPG, Gasoline, and Diesel Engines for Small Marine Vessels: A Comparative Analysis of Eco-Friendliness and Economic Feasibility

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  • Jeong Kuk Kim

    (Division of Marine Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
    Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime and AI Convergence, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea)

  • Siljung Yeo

    (Division of Coast Guard, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo 58628, Republic of Korea)

  • Jae-Hyuk Choi

    (Division of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea)

  • Won-Ju Lee

    (Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime and AI Convergence, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
    Division of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

As an escalating global concern for environmentally sustainable marine fuels, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is attracting attention as an eco-friendly and economical alternative. This study explored LPG utilization in small marine vessels, focusing on its eco-friendliness and economic feasibility. To assess its environmental implications, the AVL FIRE simulation program was used to compare CO 2 , CO, NO, and soot emissions from LPG engines with those from conventional gasoline and diesel engines. The LPG engine model relied on data from a pioneering type-approved experimental LPG engine designed for small South Korean marine vessels, while parameters for gasoline and diesel engines were adjusted to suit their distinctive features. Regarding long-term economic feasibility, assuming a 30-year ship lifespan, incorporating 2022 annual average prices, average annual price growth rates, and annual fuel consumption data of each fuel, results indicate that LPG engines exhibited lower CO 2 , CO, NO, and soot emissions than conventional engines, except that NO emissions were higher than gasoline engines. Evaluating LPG’s economic feasibility over a 30-year ship life cycle for an individual vessel revealed varying fuel cost savings, with the greatest savings observed in gasoline–other (KRW 2220.7 million) and the least in gasoline–coastal (KRW 1152.5 million). These findings offer vital insights for ship operators and policymakers seeking a balance between eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness, as well as LPG engine technology emerging as pivotal for a sustainable future, harmonizing environmental protection and economic viability.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeong Kuk Kim & Siljung Yeo & Jae-Hyuk Choi & Won-Ju Lee, 2024. "LPG, Gasoline, and Diesel Engines for Small Marine Vessels: A Comparative Analysis of Eco-Friendliness and Economic Feasibility," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:2:p:450-:d:1320665
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wei, Shengli & Ji, Kunpeng & Leng, Xianyin & Wang, Feihu & Liu, Xin, 2014. "Numerical simulation on effects of spray angle in a swirl chamber combustion system of DI (direct injection) diesel engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 289-294.
    2. Baek, Seungju & Lee, Sanguk & Shin, Myunghwan & Lee, Jongtae & Lee, Kihyung, 2022. "Analysis of combustion and exhaust characteristics according to changes in the propane content of LPG," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
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