IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i8p3530-d1127102.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Interplay between Parameters of Light Pollution and Energy Efficiency for Outdoor Amenity Lighting

Author

Listed:
  • Krzysztof Skarżyński

    (Lighting Technology Division, Electrical Power Engineering Institute, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Anna Rutkowska

    (Prolight Ltd., 3 Maja 183, 05-800 Pruszków, Poland)

Abstract

This paper is related to light pollution and the energy efficiency of outdoor amenity lighting. It concerns the standard design assessment parameters of light pollution, the Upward Light Ratio (ULR) and Upward Flux Ratio (UFR), and the classic energy efficiency parameter—Normalized Power Density (NPD). The motivation for this research was the observation of certain inaccuracies related to the applicability and interpretation of these parameters in practice and the lack of connection between parameters of light pollution and energy efficiency. The multi-variant computer simulations of the exemplary large-area parking lot lighting system were conducted. Over four hundred cases were carefully analyzed. Individual cases differ in the shape of the task area, luminaire arrangements, mounting height, luminous intensity distribution, aiming, and maintenance factor. The results confirmed that the criteria values of ULR and UFR are often overestimated for modern luminaires, which emit luminous flux emitted only downwards. In this case, the ULR and UFR values do not exceed the criteria values for even zones with lower ambient brightness. Thus, lighting solutions with much lower energy efficiency easily meet the requirements of these parameters. This situation is not rational. So, it is crucial to make the criteria of ULR and UFR much more stringent in all environmental zones. Moreover, the research confirms a strong positive linear correlation between UFR and NPD (0.92, p < 0.001), which means that light pollution can be reduced by ensuring an appropriate level of energy efficiency. It is a great help in designing sustainable outdoor amenity lighting.

Suggested Citation

  • Krzysztof Skarżyński & Anna Rutkowska, 2023. "The Interplay between Parameters of Light Pollution and Energy Efficiency for Outdoor Amenity Lighting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:8:p:3530-:d:1127102
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/8/3530/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/8/3530/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gallaway, Terrel & Olsen, Reed N. & Mitchell, David M., 2010. "The economics of global light pollution," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(3), pages 658-665, January.
    2. Melita Rozman Cafuta, 2021. "Sustainable City Lighting Impact and Evaluation Methodology of Lighting Quality from a User Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-23, March.
    3. Karolina M. Zielinska-Dabkowska & Kyra Xavia, 2021. "Looking Up to the Stars. A Call for Action to Save New Zealand’s Dark Skies for Future Generations to Come," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-19, December.
    4. Piotr Pracki & Michał Dziedzicki & Paulina Komorzycka, 2020. "Ceiling and Wall Illumination, Utilance, and Power in Interior Lighting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-21, September.
    5. Tomas Novak & Petr Becak & Roman Dubnicka & Jana Raditschova & Dionyz Gasparovsky & Pavel Valicek & Jiri Ullman, 2022. "Modelling of Luminous Flux Directed to the Upper Hemisphere from Electrical Substation before and after the Refurbishment of Lighting Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-21, January.
    6. Nona Schulte-Römer & Josiane Meier & Etta Dannemann & Max Söding, 2019. "Lighting Professionals versus Light Pollution Experts? Investigating Views on an Emerging Environmental Concern," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-20, March.
    7. Hong Soo Lim & Jack Ngarambe & Jeong Tai Kim & Gon Kim, 2018. "The Reality of Light Pollution: A Field Survey for the Determination of Lighting Environmental Management Zones in South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-11, January.
    8. Rafał Krupiński & Henryk Wachta & Wojciech Maciej Stabryła & Cedric Büchner, 2021. "Selected Issues on Material Properties of Objects in Computer Simulations of Floodlighting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-24, September.
    9. Nona Schulte-Römer & Josiane Meier & Max Söding & Etta Dannemann, 2019. "The LED Paradox: How Light Pollution Challenges Experts to Reconsider Sustainable Lighting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-17, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Atthakorn Thongtha & Peeranat Laphom & Jiraphorn Mahawan, 2023. "Investigation of the Efficacy of Horizontal Hollow Light Tubes for Energy Conservation in Illuminating Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-19, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Theodor Terrich & Marek Balsky, 2022. "The Effect of Spill Light on Street Lighting Energy Efficiency and Light Pollution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-10, April.
    2. Kwang-Hoon Kim & Gon Kim, 2021. "Using Simulation-Based Modeling to Evaluate Light Trespass in the Design Stage of Sports Facilities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-16, April.
    3. Karolina M. Zielinska-Dabkowska & Katarzyna Bobkowska, 2022. "Rethinking Sustainable Cities at Night: Paradigm Shifts in Urban Design and City Lighting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-34, May.
    4. Przemyslaw Tabaka, 2021. "Influence of Replacement of Sodium Lamps in Park Luminaires with LED Sources of Different Closest Color Temperature on the Effect of Light Pollution and Energy Efficiency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-30, October.
    5. Annika K. Jägerbrand, 2020. "Synergies and Trade-Offs Between Sustainable Development and Energy Performance of Exterior Lighting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-27, May.
    6. Jiayi Li & Yongming Xu & Weiping Cui & Meng Ji & Boyang Su & Yuyang Wu & Jing Wang, 2020. "Investigation of Nighttime Light Pollution in Nanjing, China by Mapping Illuminance from Field Observations and Luojia 1-01 Imagery," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, January.
    7. Krzysztof Skarżyński & Wojciech Żagan, 2022. "Quantitative Assessment of Architectural Lighting Designs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-23, March.
    8. Kienast, Felix & Frick, Jacqueline & van Strien, Maarten J. & Hunziker, Marcel, 2015. "The Swiss Landscape Monitoring Program – A comprehensive indicator set to measure landscape change," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 295(C), pages 136-150.
    9. Tran Quang, Tuyen, 2014. "Determinants of nonfarm participation among ethnic minorities in the Northwest Mountains, Vietnam," MPRA Paper 59158, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 08 Oct 2014.
    10. Nona Schulte-Römer & Josiane Meier & Max Söding & Etta Dannemann, 2019. "The LED Paradox: How Light Pollution Challenges Experts to Reconsider Sustainable Lighting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-17, November.
    11. Rafał Krupiński & Wolfgang Scherzer & Piotr Pracki & Andrzej Wiśniewski & Krzysztof Skarżyński, 2023. "A Smart Floodlighting Design System Based on Raster Images," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-18, May.
    12. Quang Tran, Tuyen & Hong Nguyen, Son & Van Vu, Huong & Quoc Nguyen, Viet, 2014. "Determinants of poverty among ethnic minorities in the Northwest region, Vietnam," MPRA Paper 59144, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 01 Oct 2014.
    13. Anna Beniermann & Martin Glos & Heike Schumacher & Ingo Fietze & Stephan Völker & Annette Upmeier zu Belzen, 2023. "‘Sleep Blindness’ in Science Education: How Sleep Health Literacy Can Serve as a Link between Health Education and Education for Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-22, August.
    14. Henryk Wachta & Krzysztof Baran & Sebastian Różowicz, 2023. "Impact of Street Lighting Level on Floodlights," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-23, July.
    15. Lambros T. Doulos & Ioannis Sioutis & Aris Tsangrassoulis & Laurent Canale & Kostantinos Faidas, 2020. "Revision of Threshold Luminance Levels in Tunnels Aiming to Minimize Energy Consumption at No Cost: Methodology and Case Studies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-23, April.
    16. Radoslava Kanianska & Jana Škvareninová & Stanislav Kaniansky, 2020. "Landscape Potential and Light Pollution as Key Factors for Astrotourism Development: A Case Study of a Slovak Upland Region," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-16, October.
    17. Alina Svechkina & Tamar Trop & Boris A. Portnov, 2020. "How Much Lighting is Required to Feel Safe When Walking Through the Streets at Night?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-19, April.
    18. Karolina M. Zielińska-Dabkowska & Kyra Xavia & Katarzyna Bobkowska, 2020. "Assessment of Citizens’ Actions against Light Pollution with Guidelines for Future Initiatives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-32, June.
    19. Liangkun Fang & Zhangjie Wu & Yuan Tao & Jinfeng Gao, 2023. "Light Pollution Index System Model Based on Markov Random Field," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-18, July.
    20. Xueting Jin & Yu Li & Jinzhou Zhang & Ji Zheng & Huiping Liu, 2017. "An Approach to Evaluating Light Pollution in Residential Zones: A Case Study of Beijing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-12, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:8:p:3530-:d:1127102. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.