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Hydrogen Combustion: Features and Barriers to Its Exploitation in the Energy Transition

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  • Eugenio Giacomazzi

    (Laboratory of Processes & Systems Engineering for Energy Decarbonisation, ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
    Current address: Casaccia Research Center, TERIN-PSU-IPSE, S.P. 081, ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, S.M. Galeria, 00123 Rome, Italy.
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Guido Troiani

    (Laboratory of Processes & Systems Engineering for Energy Decarbonisation, ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Antonio Di Nardo

    (Laboratory of Processes & Systems Engineering for Energy Decarbonisation, ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Giorgio Calchetti

    (Laboratory of Processes & Systems Engineering for Energy Decarbonisation, ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Donato Cecere

    (Laboratory of Processes & Systems Engineering for Energy Decarbonisation, ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Giuseppe Messina

    (Laboratory of Processes & Systems Engineering for Energy Decarbonisation, ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Simone Carpenella

    (Laboratory of Processes & Systems Engineering for Energy Decarbonisation, ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

The aim of this article is to review hydrogen combustion applications within the energy transition framework. Hydrogen blends are also included, from the well-known hydrogen enriched natural gas (HENG) to the hydrogen and ammonia blends whose chemical kinetics is still not clearly defined. Hydrogen and hydrogen blends combustion characteristics will be firstly summarized in terms of standard properties like the laminar flame speed and the adiabatic flame temperature, but also evidencing the critical role of hydrogen preferential diffusion in burning rate enhancement and the drastic reduction in radiative emission with respect to natural gas flames. Then, combustion applications in both thermo-electric power generation (based on internal combustion engines, i.e., gas turbines and piston engines) and hard-to-abate industry (requiring high-temperature kilns and furnaces) sectors will be considered, highlighting the main issues due to hydrogen addition related to safety, pollutant emissions, and potentially negative effects on industrial products (e.g., glass, cement and ceramic).

Suggested Citation

  • Eugenio Giacomazzi & Guido Troiani & Antonio Di Nardo & Giorgio Calchetti & Donato Cecere & Giuseppe Messina & Simone Carpenella, 2023. "Hydrogen Combustion: Features and Barriers to Its Exploitation in the Energy Transition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-30, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:20:p:7174-:d:1264206
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Kamil Wróbel & Justyna Wróbel & Wojciech Tokarz & Jakub Lach & Katarzyna Podsadni & Andrzej Czerwiński, 2022. "Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-13, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Khusniddin Alikulov & Zarif Aminov & La Hoang Anh & Tran Dang Xuan & Wookyung Kim, 2024. "Comparative Technical and Economic Analyses of Hydrogen-Based Steel and Power Sectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-30, March.
    2. Alessandro Franco & Caterina Giovannini, 2023. "Recent and Future Advances in Water Electrolysis for Green Hydrogen Generation: Critical Analysis and Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-24, December.
    3. Antonio Di Nardo & Eugenio Giacomazzi & Matteo Cimini & Guido Troiani & Silvera Scaccia & Giorgio Calchetti & Donato Cecere, 2025. "Development of a Low-NO x Fuel-Flexible and Scalable Burner for Gas Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-25, April.
    4. Grzegorz Mordarski & Konrad Skowron & Dorota Duraczyńska & Anna Drabczyk & Robert P. Socha, 2025. "Development of a Multi-Bed Catalytic Heat Generator Utilizing a Palladium-Based Hydrogen Combustion System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-13, March.
    5. Seungmin Guk & Jaehoon Lee & Juwon Kim & Minwoo Lee, 2025. "Advances and Challenges in Thermoacoustic Network Modeling for Hydrogen and Ammonia Combustors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-18, January.

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