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Statistical Investigation of Climate Change Effects on the Utilization of the Sediment Heat Energy

Author

Listed:
  • Nebiyu Girgibo

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology, School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, 65101 Vaasa, Finland)

  • Anne Mäkiranta

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology, School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, 65101 Vaasa, Finland)

  • Xiaoshu Lü

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology, School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, 65101 Vaasa, Finland
    Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
    Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK)

  • Erkki Hiltunen

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology, School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, 65101 Vaasa, Finland)

Abstract

Suvilahti, a suburb of the city of Vaasa in western Finland, was the first area to use seabed sediment heat as the main source of heating for a high number of houses. Moreover, in the same area, a unique land uplift effect is ongoing. The aim of this paper is to solve the challenges and find opportunities caused by global warming by utilizing seabed sediment energy as a renewable heat source. Measurement data of water and air temperature were analyzed, and correlations were established for the sediment temperature data using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Enterprise Guide 7.1. software. The analysis and provisional forecast based on the autoregression integrated moving average (ARIMA) model revealed that air and water temperatures show incremental increases through time, and that sediment temperature has positive correlations with water temperature with a 2-month lag. Therefore, sediment heat energy is also expected to increase in the future. Factor analysis validations show that the data have a normal cluster and no particular outliers. This study concludes that sediment heat energy can be considered in prominent renewable production, transforming climate change into a useful solution, at least in summertime.

Suggested Citation

  • Nebiyu Girgibo & Anne Mäkiranta & Xiaoshu Lü & Erkki Hiltunen, 2022. "Statistical Investigation of Climate Change Effects on the Utilization of the Sediment Heat Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-28, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:2:p:435-:d:720110
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    Cited by:

    1. Wenxiao Chu & Maria Vicidomini & Francesco Calise & Neven Duić & Poul Alborg Østergaard & Qiuwang Wang & Maria da Graça Carvalho, 2022. "Recent Advances in Technologies, Methods, and Economic Analysis for Sustainable Development of Energy, Water, and Environment Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-24, September.

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