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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Evaluate the Environmental Impacts of Hydrocarbon Production in Khuzestan Province, Iran

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  • Herimitsinjo Rajaoalison

    (Department of Drilling and Geoengineering, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Dariusz Knez

    (Department of Drilling and Geoengineering, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Mohammad Ahmad Mahmoudi Zamani

    (Department of Drilling and Geoengineering, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

Abstract

From the late 1900s onward, hydrocarbon exploitation has led to severe environmental footprints in the Khuzestan province, Iran. However, no comprehensive study has been conducted to evaluate such issues. In this research, an inclusive analysis was performed to investigate these environmental impacts. To do this, first, two datasets related to a 15-year period (2006–2021) were collated: the satellite data from the Sentinel-1 mission and the seismic data recorded by the National Iranian Geophysics Institute as well as the catalog of the global Centroid Moment Tensor project (CMT). These datasets were processed using generic mapping tools (GMT), differential synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) techniques, and multiple processing algorithms using a specific toolbox for oil spill application in the sentinel application platform (SNAP) programming, respectively. The results revealed three critical footprints, including regional earthquakes, land subsidence, and oil spill issues in the area. The most frequent earthquakes originated from depths less than 15 km, indicating the disturbance of the crustal tectonics by the regional hydrocarbons. Furthermore, an annual rate of land subsidence equal to 10–15 cm was observed in the coastal areas of the Khuzestan province. Moreover, two regions located in the north and west of the Persian Gulf were detected as the permanently oil-spilled areas. The applied methodology and results are quite applicable to restrict the harmful consequences of hydrocarbon production in the study area. This research will benefit not only government officials and policymakers, but also those looking to understand the environmental challenges related to oil and gas production, especially in terms of sustainable goals for the management of natural resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Herimitsinjo Rajaoalison & Dariusz Knez & Mohammad Ahmad Mahmoudi Zamani, 2022. "A Multidisciplinary Approach to Evaluate the Environmental Impacts of Hydrocarbon Production in Khuzestan Province, Iran," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:22:p:8656-:d:976751
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yilin Liu & Haijun Huang & Yanxia Liu & Haibo Bi, 2016. "Linking land subsidence over the Yellow River delta, China, to hydrocarbon exploitation using multi-temporal InSAR," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 84(1), pages 271-291, October.
    2. Mohammad Ahmad Mahmoudi Zamani & Dariusz Knez, 2021. "A New Mechanical-Hydrodynamic Safety Factor Index for Sand Production Prediction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Abdullah, Khadeeja & Stenstrom, Michael & Suffet, I.H. (Mel) & Swamikannu, Xavier & Malloy, Timothy, 2017. "Regulating oil and gas facility stormwater discharge: An assessment of surface impoundments, spills, and permit compliance," Environmental Science & Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 139-145.
    4. Dariusz Knez & Mitra Khalilidermani, 2021. "A Review of Different Aspects of Off-Earth Drilling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-18, November.
    5. Dariusz Knez & Mohammad Ahmad Mahmoudi Zamani, 2021. "A Review of the Geomechanics Aspects in Space Exploration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-21, November.
    6. Dariusz Knez & Herimitsinjo Rajaoalison, 2022. "Land Subsidence Assessment for Wind Turbine Location in the South-Western Part of Madagascar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-13, July.
    7. Zenia Pérez-Falls & Guillermo Martínez-Flores & Olga Sarychikhina, 2022. "Land Subsidence Detection in the Coastal Plain of Tabasco, Mexico Using Differential SAR Interferometry," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-21, September.
    8. Mitra Khalilidermani & Dariusz Knez, 2022. "A Survey of Application of Mechanical Specific Energy in Petroleum and Space Drilling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-25, April.
    9. Awad Ahmed Quosay & Dariusz Knez & Jan Ziaja, 2020. "Hydraulic fracturing: New uncertainty based modeling approach for process design using Monte Carlo simulation technique," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, July.
    10. Mitra Khalilidermani & Dariusz Knez & Mohammad Ahmad Mahmoudi Zamani, 2021. "Empirical Correlations between the Hydraulic Properties Obtained from the Geoelectrical Methods and Water Well Data of Arak Aquifer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-19, August.
    11. Dariusz Knez & Rafał Wiśniowski & Winnie Ampomaa Owusu, 2019. "Turning Filling Material into Proppant for Coalbed Methane in Poland—Crush Test Results," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-6, May.
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    13. Artur Guzy & Agnieszka A. Malinowska, 2020. "Assessment of the Impact of the Spatial Extent of Land Subsidence and Aquifer System Drainage Induced by Underground Mining," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-28, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mohammad Ahmad Mahmoudi Zamani & Dariusz Knez, 2023. "Experimental Investigation on the Relationship between Biot’s Coefficient and Hydrostatic Stress for Enhanced Oil Recovery Projects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-13, June.
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