IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i4p1001-d499253.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Robust Digital Control Strategy Based on Fuzzy Logic for a Solar Charger of VRLA Batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Julio López Seguel

    (Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, Chile)

  • Seleme I. Seleme

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil)

Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of a digital control strategy for a Buck converter, used as a solar charger of valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries. The control system consists of two fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs), which adjust the appropriate increment of the converter duty cycle based on battery state of charge according to a three-stage charging scheme. One FLC works as a maximum power point tracker (FLC-MPPT), while the other regulates the battery voltage (FLC-VR). This approach of using two different set of membership functions overcomes the limitations of the battery chargers with a single control function, where the voltage supplied to the battery is either not constant due to the operation of the MPPT algorithm (possibly damaging the battery) or is constant due to the operation of the voltage control (hence, MPP cannot be achieved). In this way, the proposed control approach has the advantage of extracting the maximum energy of the PV panel, preventing battery damage caused by variable MPPT voltage, thereby extending the battery’s lifetime. Moreover, it allows overcoming of the drawbacks of the conventional solar chargers, which become slow or inaccurate during abrupt changes in weather conditions. The strategy is developed to be implemented in a low-cost AT91SAM3X8E Arduino Due microcontroller. Simulations by MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results from hardware implementation are provided and discussed, which validate the reliability and robustness of the control strategy.

Suggested Citation

  • Julio López Seguel & Seleme I. Seleme, 2021. "Robust Digital Control Strategy Based on Fuzzy Logic for a Solar Charger of VRLA Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-27, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:1001-:d:499253
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1001/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1001/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sheik Mohammed, S. & Devaraj, D. & Imthias Ahamed, T.P., 2016. "A novel hybrid Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique using Perturb & Observe algorithm and Learning Automata for solar PV system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1096-1106.
    2. Freitas Gomes, Icaro Silvestre & Perez, Yannick & Suomalainen, Emilia, 2020. "Coupling small batteries and PV generation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    3. Messalti, Sabir & Harrag, Abdelghani & Loukriz, Abdelhamid, 2017. "A new variable step size neural networks MPPT controller: Review, simulation and hardware implementation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 221-233.
    4. Taghvaee, M.H. & Radzi, M.A.M. & Moosavain, S.M. & Hizam, Hashim & Hamiruce Marhaban, M., 2013. "A current and future study on non-isolated DC–DC converters for photovoltaic applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 216-227.
    5. Bendib, Boualem & Belmili, Hocine & Krim, Fateh, 2015. "A survey of the most used MPPT methods: Conventional and advanced algorithms applied for photovoltaic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 637-648.
    6. Rajesh, R. & Carolin Mabel, M., 2015. "A comprehensive review of photovoltaic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 231-248.
    7. Verma, Deepak & Nema, Savita & Shandilya, A.M. & Dash, Soubhagya K., 2016. "Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques: Recapitulation in solar photovoltaic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1018-1034.
    8. Yilmaz, Unal & Kircay, Ali & Borekci, Selim, 2018. "PV system fuzzy logic MPPT method and PI control as a charge controller," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 994-1001.
    9. Reza Reisi, Ali & Hassan Moradi, Mohammad & Jamasb, Shahriar, 2013. "Classification and comparison of maximum power point tracking techniques for photovoltaic system: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 433-443.
    10. CH Hussaian Basha & C Rani, 2020. "Different Conventional and Soft Computing MPPT Techniques for Solar PV Systems with High Step-Up Boost Converters: A Comprehensive Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-27, January.
    11. Karami, Nabil & Moubayed, Nazih & Outbib, Rachid, 2017. "General review and classification of different MPPT Techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 1-18.
    12. Po-Chen Cheng & Bo-Rei Peng & Yi-Hua Liu & Yu-Shan Cheng & Jia-Wei Huang, 2015. "Optimization of a Fuzzy-Logic-Control-Based MPPT Algorithm Using the Particle Swarm Optimization Technique," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-23, June.
    13. Abu Eldahab, Yasser E. & Saad, Naggar H. & Zekry, Abdalhalim, 2016. "Enhancing the design of battery charging controllers for photovoltaic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 646-655.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Julio López Seguel & Seleme I. Seleme & Lenin M. F. Morais, 2022. "Comparative Study of Buck-Boost, SEPIC, Cuk and Zeta DC-DC Converters Using Different MPPT Methods for Photovoltaic Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-26, October.
    2. Mario Villegas-Ruvalcaba & Kelly Joel Gurubel-Tun & Alberto Coronado-Mendoza, 2021. "Robust Inverse Optimal Control for a Boost Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Martin A. Alarcón-Carbajal & José E. Carvajal-Rubio & Juan D. Sánchez-Torres & David E. Castro-Palazuelos & Guillermo J. Rubio-Astorga, 2022. "An Output Feedback Discrete-Time Controller for the DC-DC Buck Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-21, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Julio López Seguel & Seleme I. Seleme & Lenin M. F. Morais, 2022. "Comparative Study of Buck-Boost, SEPIC, Cuk and Zeta DC-DC Converters Using Different MPPT Methods for Photovoltaic Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-26, October.
    2. Başoğlu, Mustafa Engin & Çakır, Bekir, 2016. "Comparisons of MPPT performances of isolated and non-isolated DC–DC converters by using a new approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1100-1113.
    3. Arshdeep Singh & Shimi Sudha Letha, 2019. "Emerging energy sources for electric vehicle charging station," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 21(5), pages 2043-2082, October.
    4. Boukenoui, R. & Ghanes, M. & Barbot, J.-P. & Bradai, R. & Mellit, A. & Salhi, H., 2017. "Experimental assessment of Maximum Power Point Tracking methods for photovoltaic systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 324-340.
    5. Haidar Islam & Saad Mekhilef & Noraisyah Binti Mohamed Shah & Tey Kok Soon & Mehdi Seyedmahmousian & Ben Horan & Alex Stojcevski, 2018. "Performance Evaluation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Approaches and Photovoltaic Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-24, February.
    6. Yao, Ganzhou & Luo, Zirong & Lu, Zhongyue & Wang, Mangkuan & Shang, Jianzhong & Guerrerob, Josep M., 2023. "Unlocking the potential of wave energy conversion: A comprehensive evaluation of advanced maximum power point tracking techniques and hybrid strategies for sustainable energy harvesting," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    7. Belhachat, Faiza & Larbes, Cherif, 2017. "Global maximum power point tracking based on ANFIS approach for PV array configurations under partial shading conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 875-889.
    8. Marwen Bjaoui & Brahim Khiari & Ridha Benadli & Mouad Memni & Anis Sellami, 2019. "Practical Implementation of the Backstepping Sliding Mode Controller MPPT for a PV-Storage Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-22, September.
    9. Joshi, Puneet & Arora, Sudha, 2017. "Maximum power point tracking methodologies for solar PV systems – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1154-1177.
    10. Afroz Alam & Preeti Verma & Mohd Tariq & Adil Sarwar & Basem Alamri & Noore Zahra & Shabana Urooj, 2021. "Jellyfish Search Optimization Algorithm for MPP Tracking of PV System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-20, October.
    11. Venkateswari, R. & Sreejith, S., 2019. "Factors influencing the efficiency of photovoltaic system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 376-394.
    12. Muhammad Hafeez Mohamed Hariri & Mohd Khairunaz Mat Desa & Syafrudin Masri & Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd Zainuri, 2020. "Grid-Connected PV Generation System—Components and Challenges: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-28, August.
    13. Musong L. Katche & Augustine B. Makokha & Siagi O. Zachary & Muyiwa S. Adaramola, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Techniques Used in Solar PV Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-23, February.
    14. Nabipour, M. & Razaz, M. & Seifossadat, S.GH & Mortazavi, S.S., 2017. "A new MPPT scheme based on a novel fuzzy approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 1147-1169.
    15. Zahra Bel Hadj Salah & Saber Krim & Mohamed Ali Hajjaji & Badr M. Alshammari & Khalid Alqunun & Ahmed Alzamil & Tawfik Guesmi, 2023. "A New Efficient Cuckoo Search MPPT Algorithm Based on a Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Controller for Partially Shaded Standalone Photovoltaic System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-38, June.
    16. Jately, Vibhu & Azzopardi, Brian & Joshi, Jyoti & Venkateswaran V, Balaji & Sharma, Abhinav & Arora, Sudha, 2021. "Experimental Analysis of hill-climbing MPPT algorithms under low irradiance levels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    17. Kermadi, Mostefa & Berkouk, El Madjid, 2017. "Artificial intelligence-based maximum power point tracking controllers for Photovoltaic systems: Comparative study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 369-386.
    18. Rezk, Hegazy & AL-Oran, Mazen & Gomaa, Mohamed R. & Tolba, Mohamed A. & Fathy, Ahmed & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali & Olabi, A.G. & El-Sayed, Abou Hashema M., 2019. "A novel statistical performance evaluation of most modern optimization-based global MPPT techniques for partially shaded PV system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    19. Haoming Liu & Muhammad Yasir Ali Khan & Xiaoling Yuan, 2023. "Hybrid Maximum Power Extraction Methods for Photovoltaic Systems: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-64, July.
    20. Ahmad, Riaz & Murtaza, Ali F. & Sher, Hadeed Ahmed, 2019. "Power tracking techniques for efficient operation of photovoltaic array in solar applications – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 82-102.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:1001-:d:499253. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.