IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i24p8408-d701476.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Distributed Hierarchical Control Framework for Economic Dispatch and Frequency Regulation of Autonomous AC Microgrids

Author

Listed:
  • Shafaat Ullah

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
    Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Bannu Campus, Bannu 28100, Pakistan)

  • Laiq Khan

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan)

  • Irfan Sami

    (School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea)

  • Ghulam Hafeez

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
    Center for Renewable Energy, Government Advance Technical Training Center, Hayatabad, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan)

  • Fahad R. Albogamy

    (Computer Sciences Program, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Motivated by the single point of failure and other drawbacks of the conventional centralized hierarchical control strategy, in this paper, a fully distributed hierarchical control framework is formulated for autonomous AC microgrids. The proposed control strategy operates with a distinct three-layer structure, where: a conventional droop control is adopted at the primary layer; a distributed leaderless consensus-based control is adopted at the secondary layer for active power and, hence, frequency regulation of distributed generating units (DGUs); and the tertiary layer is also based on the distributed leaderless consensus-based control for the optimal power dispatch. Under the proposed strategy, the three constituent control layers work in a coordinated manner. Not only is the load dispatched economically with a negligible power mismatch, but also the frequencies of all the DGUs are regulated to the reference value. However, the frequency regulation is achieved without requiring any central leader agent that has been reported in the contemporary distributed control articles. As compared to the conventional centralized hierarchical control, the proposed strategy only needs local inter-agent interaction with a sparse communication network; thus, it is fully distributed. The formulated strategy is tested under load perturbations, on an autonomous AC microgrid testbed comprising both low-inertia-type (inverter-interfaced) and high-inertia (rotating)-type DGUs with heterogeneous dynamics, and found to successfully meet its targets. Furthermore, it can offer the plug-and-play operation for the DGUs. Theoretical analysis and substantial simulation results, performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, are provided to validate the feasibility of the proposed control framework.

Suggested Citation

  • Shafaat Ullah & Laiq Khan & Irfan Sami & Ghulam Hafeez & Fahad R. Albogamy, 2021. "A Distributed Hierarchical Control Framework for Economic Dispatch and Frequency Regulation of Autonomous AC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-23, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:24:p:8408-:d:701476
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8408/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8408/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shafaat Ullah & Laiq Khan & Rabiah Badar & Ameen Ullah & Fazal Wahab Karam & Zain Ahmad Khan & Atiq Ur Rehman, 2020. "Consensus based SoC trajectory tracking control design for economic-dispatched distributed battery energy storage system," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(5), pages 1-44, May.
    2. Zongyu Zuo & Lin Tie, 2016. "Distributed robust finite-time nonlinear consensus protocols for multi-agent systems," International Journal of Systems Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(6), pages 1366-1375, April.
    3. Shafaat Ullah & Laiq Khan & Mohsin Jamil & Muhammad Jafar & Sidra Mumtaz & Saghir Ahmad, 2021. "A Finite-Time Robust Distributed Cooperative Secondary Control Protocol for Droop-Based Islanded AC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-26, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Romain Mannini & Julien Eynard & Stéphane Grieu, 2022. "A Survey of Recent Advances in the Smart Management of Microgrids and Networked Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-37, September.
    2. Farhad Amiri & Mohsen Eskandari & Mohammad Hassan Moradi, 2023. "Virtual Inertia Control in Autonomous Microgrids via a Cascaded Controller for Battery Energy Storage Optimized by Firefly Algorithm and a Comparison Study with GA, PSO, ABC, and GWO," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-22, September.
    3. Boyang Huang & Yong Xiao & Xin Jin & Junhao Feng & Xin Li & Li Ding, 2022. "A Novel Dynamic Event-Triggered Mechanism for Distributed Secondary Control in Islanded AC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-12, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cui, Guozeng & Xu, Hui & Yu, Jinpeng & Ma, Jiali & Li, Ze, 2023. "Fixed-time distributed adaptive attitude control for multiple QUAVs with quantized input," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 449(C).
    2. Zhang, Wanli & Yang, Xinsong & Yang, Shiju & Alsaedi, Ahmed, 2021. "Finite-time and fixed-time bipartite synchronization of complex networks with signed graphs," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 319-329.
    3. Xing, Ying & He, Xinyi & Li, Xiaodi, 2023. "Lyapunov conditions for finite-time stability of disturbed nonlinear impulsive systems," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 440(C).
    4. Hu, Jingting & Sui, Guixia & Li, Xiaodi, 2020. "Fixed-time synchronization of complex networks with time-varying delays," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    5. Runze Chen & Zhenling Wang & Weiwei Che, 2022. "Adaptive Sliding Mode Attitude-Tracking Control of Spacecraft with Prescribed Time Performance," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-18, January.
    6. Dutta, Maitreyee & Roy, Binoy Krishna, 2021. "A new memductance-based fractional-order chaotic system and its fixed-time synchronisation," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    7. Wenguo Li & Mingmin Zhang & Yaqi Deng, 2022. "Consensus-Based Distributed Secondary Frequency Control Method for AC Microgrid Using ADRC Technique," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, April.
    8. Kanchanaharuthai, Adirak & Mujjalinvimut, Ekkachai, 2022. "Fixed-time command-filtered backstepping control design for hydraulic turbine regulating systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1091-1103.
    9. Navid Rezaei & Abdollah Ahmadi & Mohammadhossein Deihimi, 2022. "A Comprehensive Review of Demand-Side Management Based on Analysis of Productivity: Techniques and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-28, October.
    10. Shafaat Ullah & Laiq Khan & Mohsin Jamil & Muhammad Jafar & Sidra Mumtaz & Saghir Ahmad, 2021. "A Finite-Time Robust Distributed Cooperative Secondary Control Protocol for Droop-Based Islanded AC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-26, May.
    11. Wonpoong Lee & Myeongseok Chae & Dongjun Won, 2022. "Optimal Scheduling of Energy Storage System Considering Life-Cycle Degradation Cost Using Reinforcement Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-19, April.
    12. Edward Smith & Duane Robinson & Ashish Agalgaonkar, 2021. "Cooperative Control of Microgrids: A Review of Theoretical Frameworks, Applications and Recent Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-34, December.
    13. Mohamed Zaery & Panbao Wang & Wei Wang & Dianguo Xu, 2022. "A Novel Optimal Power Allocation Control System with High Convergence Rate for DC Microgrids Cluster," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-22, May.
    14. Ritu Kandari & Neeraj Neeraj & Alexander Micallef, 2022. "Review on Recent Strategies for Integrating Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-24, December.
    15. Cai, Yuliang & Dai, Jing & Zhang, Huaguang & Wang, Yingchun, 2021. "Fixed-time leader-following/containment consensus of nonlinear multi-agent systems based on event-triggered mechanism," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 396(C).
    16. Gao, Shuo & Wen, Guoguang & Zhai, Xiaoqin & Zheng, Peng, 2023. "Finite-/fixed-time bipartite consensus for first-order multi-agent systems via impulsive control," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 442(C).
    17. Zhiyong Luo & Hongliang Liu & Zigen Ouyang, 2023. "Fixed-Time Formation Tracking Control of Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems with Directed Topology and Disturbance," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-17, June.
    18. Zhengxin, Jiang & Qin, Shi & Yujiang, Wei & Hanlin, Wei & Bingzhao, Gao & Lin, He, 2021. "An Immune Genetic Extended Kalman Particle Filter approach on state of charge estimation for lithium-ion battery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    19. Yilun Shang & Yamei Ye, 2017. "Leader-Follower Fixed-Time Group Consensus Control of Multiagent Systems under Directed Topology," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2017, pages 1-9, March.
    20. Guo, Wanli & He, Wennuo & Shi, Lili & Sun, Wen & Lu, Xiaoqing, 2021. "Fixed-time consensus tracking for nonlinear stochastically disturbed multi-agent systems via discontinuous protocols," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 400(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:24:p:8408-:d:701476. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.