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A Novel Approach of Design and Analysis of a Hexagonal Fractal Antenna Array (HFAA) for Next-Generation Wireless Communication

Author

Listed:
  • Satheeshkumar Palanisamy

    (Department of ECE, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 641014, Tamilnadu, India)

  • Balakumaran Thangaraju

    (Department of ECE, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 641014, Tamilnadu, India)

  • Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf

    (Al-Nahrain Nano-Renewable Energy Research Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 10072, Iraq)

  • Youseef Alotaibi

    (Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia)

  • Saleh Alghamdi

    (Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Fawaz Alassery

    (Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The study and exploration of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MMIMO) and millimeter-wave wireless access technology has been spurred by a shortage of bandwidth in the wireless communication sector. Massive MIMO, which combines antennas at the transmitter and receiver, is a key enabler technology for next-generation networks to enable exceptional spectrum and energy efficiency with simple processing techniques. For massive MIMOs, the lower band microwave or millimeter-wave band and the antenna are impeccably combined with RF transceivers. As a result, the 5G wireless communication antenna differs from traditional antennas in many ways. A new concept of the MIMO tri-band hexagonal antenna array is being introduced for next-generation cellular networks. With a total scaling dimension of 150 × 75 mm 2 , the structure consists of multiple hexagonal fractal antenna components at different corners of the patch. The radiating patch resonates at 2.55–2.75, 3.45–3.7, and 5.65–6.05 GHz (FR1 band) for better return loss (S11) of more than 15 dB in all three operating bands. The coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding technique and defective ground structure in the ground plane have been employed for effective impedance matching. The deviation of the main lobe of the radiation pattern is achieved using a two-element microstrip Taylor antenna array with series feeding, which also boosts the antenna array’s bandwidth and minimizes sidelobe. The proposed antenna is designed, simulated, and tested in far-field radiating conditions and generates tri-band S-parameters with sufficient separation and high-quality double-polarized radiation. The fabrication and testing of MIMO antennas were completed, where the measurement results matched the simulation results. In addition, the 5G smartphone antenna system requires a new, lightweight phased microwave antenna (μ-wave) with wide bandwidth and a fire extender. Because of its decent performance and compact architectures, the proposed smartphone antenna array architecture is a better entrant for upcoming 5G cellular implementations.

Suggested Citation

  • Satheeshkumar Palanisamy & Balakumaran Thangaraju & Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf & Youseef Alotaibi & Saleh Alghamdi & Fawaz Alassery, 2021. "A Novel Approach of Design and Analysis of a Hexagonal Fractal Antenna Array (HFAA) for Next-Generation Wireless Communication," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:19:p:6204-:d:645692
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nishant Jha & Deepak Prashar & Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf & Youseef Alotaibi & Abdulmajeed Alsufyani & Saleh Alghamdi, 2021. "Blockchain Based Crop Insurance: A Decentralized Insurance System for Modernization of Indian Farmers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-17, August.
    2. Salil Bharany & Sandeep Sharma & Sumit Badotra & Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf & Youseef Alotaibi & Saleh Alghamdi & Fawaz Alassery, 2021. "Energy-Efficient Clustering Scheme for Flying Ad-Hoc Networks Using an Optimized LEACH Protocol," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-20, September.
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    3. Yanzhi Zhao & Mingsi Zhao & Fengyu Shi, 2024. "Integrating Moral Education and Educational Information Technology: A Strategic Approach to Enhance Rural Teacher Training in Universities," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(3), pages 15053-15093, September.

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