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Water Cycle Algorithm Optimized Type II Fuzzy Controller for Load Frequency Control of a Multi-Area, Multi-Fuel System with Communication Time Delays

Author

Listed:
  • Ch. Naga Sai Kalyan

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, Guntur 522508, India)

  • B. Srikanth Goud

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Anurag College of Engineering Ghatkesar, Telangana 501301, India)

  • Ch. Rami Reddy

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College (A) Maisammaguda, Telangana 500100, India)

  • Haitham S. Ramadan

    (Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
    ISTHY, Institut International sur le Stockage de l’Hydrogène, 90400 Meroux-Moval, France)

  • Mohit Bajaj

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110040, India)

  • Ziad M. Ali

    (College of Engineering at Wadi Addawaser, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addawaser 11991, Saudi Arabia
    Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt)

Abstract

This paper puts forward the implementation of an intelligent type II fuzzy PID (T2-FPID) controller tweaked with a water cycle algorithm (WCA), subjected to an error multiplied with time area over integral (ITAE) objective index for regularizing the variations in frequency and interline power flow of an interconnected power system during load disturbances. The WCA-based T2-FPID is tested on a multi-area (MA) system comprising thermal-hydro-nuclear (THN) (MATHN) plants in each area. The dynamical behavior of the system is analyzed upon penetrating area 1 with a step load perturbation (SLP) of 10%. However, power system practicality constraints, such as generation rate constraints (GRCs) and time delays in communication (CTDs), are examined. Afterward, a territorial control scheme of a superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) and a unified power flow controller (UPFC) is installed to further enhance the system performance. The dominancy of the presented WCA-tuned T2-FPID is revealed by testing it on a widely used dual-area hydro-thermal (DAHT) power system model named test system 1 in this paper. Analysis reveals the efficacy of the presented controller with other approaches reported in the recent literature. Finally, secondary and territorial regulation schemes are subjected to sensitivity analysis to deliberate the robustness.

Suggested Citation

  • Ch. Naga Sai Kalyan & B. Srikanth Goud & Ch. Rami Reddy & Haitham S. Ramadan & Mohit Bajaj & Ziad M. Ali, 2021. "Water Cycle Algorithm Optimized Type II Fuzzy Controller for Load Frequency Control of a Multi-Area, Multi-Fuel System with Communication Time Delays," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:17:p:5387-:d:625182
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Deepak Kumar Gupta & Amitkumar V. Jha & Bhargav Appasani & Avireni Srinivasulu & Nicu Bizon & Phatiphat Thounthong, 2021. "Load Frequency Control Using Hybrid Intelligent Optimization Technique for Multi-Source Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-16, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tayyab Ali & Suheel Abdullah Malik & Ibrahim A. Hameed & Amil Daraz & Hana Mujlid & Ahmad Taher Azar, 2022. "Load Frequency Control and Automatic Voltage Regulation in a Multi-Area Interconnected Power System Using Nature-Inspired Computation-Based Control Methodology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-30, September.
    2. Balvender Singh & Adam Slowik & Shree Krishan Bishnoi, 2023. "Review on Soft Computing-Based Controllers for Frequency Regulation of Diverse Traditional, Hybrid, and Future Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-30, February.
    3. Achitaev, Andrey A. & Suslov, Konstantin V. & Nazarychev, Alexander N. & Volkova, Irina O. & Kozhemyakin, Vyacheslav E. & Voloshin, Alexander A. & Minakov, Andrey V., 2022. "Application of electromagnetic continuous variable transmission in hydraulic turbines to increase stability of an off-grid power system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 125-136.
    4. B. Srikanth Goud & Ch. Rami Reddy & Mohit Bajaj & Ehab E. Elattar & Salah Kamel, 2021. "Power Quality Improvement Using Distributed Power Flow Controller with BWO-Based FOPID Controller," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-33, October.

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