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Black Start Restoration of Islanded Droop-Controlled Microgrids

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  • Ogbonnaya Bassey

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA)

  • Karen L. Butler-Purry

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA)

Abstract

The electricity grid faces the possibility of outages due to extreme weather events, cyber-attack, and unexpected events. When these unwanted events occur, it is desired that electricity be restored as soon as possible to meet the power demands of critical loads. The microgrid approach to power restoration holds a lot of promise, since microgrids can operate in island mode. This paper presents a novel sequential restoration methodology for microgrid black start. The microgrid architecture considered is assumed to be operating in multi-master mode. The master distributed generators (DGs) are coordinated to operate together through droop control. Several operational constraints are formulated and linearized to realize a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem. The method is studied on an islanded microgrid based on a modified IEEE 13 node test feeder. Detailed transient simulation in PSCAD was used to verify the accuracy of the restoration methodology. The developed restoration method can maximize the energy restored while ensuring good voltage and frequency regulation, and ensure that power scheduling mismatch is shared in the desired proportion.

Suggested Citation

  • Ogbonnaya Bassey & Karen L. Butler-Purry, 2020. "Black Start Restoration of Islanded Droop-Controlled Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-28, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:22:p:5996-:d:446253
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kaur, Amandeep & Kaushal, Jitender & Basak, Prasenjit, 2016. "A review on microgrid central controller," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 338-345.
    2. Gilani, Mohammad Amin & Kazemi, Ahad & Ghasemi, Mostafa, 2020. "Distribution system resilience enhancement by microgrid formation considering distributed energy resources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    3. Hussain, Akhtar & Bui, Van-Hai & Kim, Hak-Man, 2019. "Microgrids as a resilience resource and strategies used by microgrids for enhancing resilience," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 56-72.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ogbonnaya Bassey & Karen L. Butler-Purry, 2022. "Islanded Microgrid Restoration Studies with Graph-Based Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-18, September.
    2. Wenguo Li & Mingmin Zhang & Yaqi Deng, 2022. "Consensus-Based Distributed Secondary Frequency Control Method for AC Microgrid Using ADRC Technique," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, April.

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