IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i20p5461-d431395.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Thermochemical Treatment of Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA)—Potential and Perspective in Poland

Author

Listed:
  • Marzena Smol

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wybickiego 7A str., 31-261 Krakow, Poland)

  • Christian Adam

    (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Zweiggelände Adlershof, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany)

  • Stefan Anton Kugler

    (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Zweiggelände Adlershof, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany)

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) recovery from sewage sludge ash (SSA) is one of the most promising approaches of phosphate rock substitution in mineral fertilizers and might be a sustainable way to secure supply of this raw material in the future. In the current investigation, the process of thermochemical treatment of SSA was applied to SSA coming from selected mono-incineration plants of municipal sewage sludge in Poland (Cracow, Gdansk, Gdynia, Lodz, Kielce and Szczecin). The Polish SSA was thermochemically converted in the presence of sodium (Na) additives and a reducing agent (dried sewage sludge) to obtain secondary raw materials for the production of marketable P fertilizers. The process had a positive impact on the bioavailability of phosphorus and reduced the content of heavy metals in the obtained products. The P solubility in neutral ammonium citrate, an indicator of its bioavailability, was significantly raised from 19.7–45.7% in the raw ashes and 76.5–100% in the thermochemically treated SSA. The content of nutrients in the recyclates was in the range of 15.7–19.2% P 2 O 5 , 10.8–14.2% CaO, 3.5–5.4% Na 2 O, 2.6–3.6% MgO and 0.9–1.3% K 2 O. The produced fertilizer raw materials meet the Polish norms for trace elements covered by the legislation: the content of lead was in the range 10.2–73.1 mg/kg, arsenic 4.8–22.7 mg/kg, cadmium 0.9–2.8 mg/kg and mercury <0.05 mg/kg. Thus, these products could be potentially directly used for fertilizer production. This work also includes an analysis of the possibilities of using ashes for fertilizer purposes in Poland, based on the assumptions indicated in the adopted strategic and planning documents regarding waste management and fertilizer production.

Suggested Citation

  • Marzena Smol & Christian Adam & Stefan Anton Kugler, 2020. "Thermochemical Treatment of Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA)—Potential and Perspective in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:20:p:5461-:d:431395
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/20/5461/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/20/5461/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marzena Smol & Joanna Duda & Agnieszka Czaplicka-Kotas & Dominika Szołdrowska, 2020. "Transformation towards Circular Economy (CE) in Municipal Waste Management System: Model Solutions for Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-25, June.
    2. Andreas Nordin & Anna Strandberg & Sana Elbashir & Lars-Erik Åmand & Nils Skoglund & Anita Pettersson, 2020. "Co-Combustion of Municipal Sewage Sludge and Biomass in a Grate Fired Boiler for Phosphorus Recovery in Bottom Ash," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-24, April.
    3. Taina Lühmann & Benjamin Wirth, 2020. "Sewage Sludge Valorization via Hydrothermal Carbonization: Optimizing Dewaterability and Phosphorus Release," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-16, August.
    4. Marzena Smol & Michał Preisner & Augusto Bianchini & Jessica Rossi & Ludwig Hermann & Tanja Schaaf & Jolita Kruopienė & Kastytis Pamakštys & Maris Klavins & Ruta Ozola-Davidane & Daina Kalnina & Elina, 2020. "Strategies for Sustainable and Circular Management of Phosphorus in the Baltic Sea Region: The Holistic Approach of the InPhos Project," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-21, March.
    5. Xiuhua Li & Dagong Zhang & Tsung Y. Yang & Wayne L. Bryden, 2016. "Phosphorus Bioavailability: A Key Aspect for Conserving this Critical Animal Feed Resource with Reference to Broiler Nutrition," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-15, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nicola Di Costanzo & Alessandra Cesaro & Francesco Di Capua & Giovanni Esposito, 2021. "Exploiting the Nutrient Potential of Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-25, December.
    2. Piotr Sakiewicz & Krzysztof Piotrowski & Mariola Rajca & Izabella Maj & Sylwester Kalisz & Józef Ober & Janusz Karwot & Krishna R. Pagilla, 2022. "Innovative Technological Approach for the Cyclic Nutrients Adsorption by Post-Digestion Sewage Sludge-Based Ash Co-Formed with Some Nanostructural Additives under a Circular Economy Framework," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-28, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jolita Kruopienė & Miglė Žiukaitė, 2022. "Situation Analysis and the Potential for Circularity of the Wastewater Sector in Lithuania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-21, April.
    2. Agata Mlonka-Mędrala, 2023. "Recent Findings on Fly Ash-Derived Zeolites Synthesis and Utilization According to the Circular Economy Concept," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-21, September.
    3. Marzena Smol, 2023. "Circular Economy in Wastewater Treatment Plant—Water, Energy and Raw Materials Recovery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-18, May.
    4. Marzena Smol & Paulina Marcinek & Zuzana Šimková & Tomáš Bakalár & Milan Hemzal & Jiří Jaromír Klemeš & Yee Van Fan & Kinga Lorencz & Eugeniusz Koda & Anna Podlasek, 2022. "Inventory of Good Practices of Sustainable and Circular Phosphorus Management in the Visegrad Group (V4)," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, December.
    5. Rocío González-Sánchez & Sara Alonso-Muñoz & María Sonia Medina-Salgado, 2023. "Circularity in waste management: a research proposal to achieve the 2030 Agenda," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 1520-1540, September.
    6. Aragon-Briceño, Christian & Pożarlik, Artur & Bramer, Eddy & Brem, Gerrit & Wang, Shule & Wen, Yuming & Yang, Weihong & Pawlak-Kruczek, Halina & Niedźwiecki, Łukasz & Urbanowska, Agnieszka & Mościcki,, 2022. "Integration of hydrothermal carbonization treatment for water and energy recovery from organic fraction of municipal solid waste digestate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 577-591.
    7. Gabriel Gerner & Jae Wook Chung & Luca Meyer & Rahel Wanner & Simon Heiniger & Daniel Seiler & Rolf Krebs & Alexander Treichler & Roman Kontic & Beatrice Kulli, 2023. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge: New Improvements in Phosphatic Fertilizer Production and Process Water Treatment Using Freeze Concentration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-19, October.
    8. Liliana Topliceanu & Petru Gabriel Puiu & Catalin Drob & Vlad Vasile Topliceanu, 2022. "Analysis Regarding the Implementation of the Circular Economy in Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-32, December.
    9. Patrycja Wojciechowska & Karolina Wiszumirska, 2022. "Sustainable Communication in the B2C Market—The Impact of Packaging," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-16, February.
    10. Olga Lingaitienė & Aurelija Burinskienė & Vida Davidavičienė, 2022. "Case Study of Municipal Waste and Its Reliance on Reverse Logistics in European Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-24, February.
    11. Coskun, Can & Oktay, Zuhal & Koksal, Tunc & Birecikli, Bahadır, 2020. "Co-combustion of municipal dewatered sewage sludge and natural gas in an actual power plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    12. Augusto Bianchini & Jessica Rossi, 2020. "An Integrated Industry-Based Methodology to Unlock Full-Scale Implementation of Phosphorus Recovery Technology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-17, December.
    13. Piotr Kordel & Radosław Wolniak, 2021. "Technology Entrepreneurship and the Performance of Enterprises in the Conditions of Covid-19 Pandemic: The Fuzzy Set Analysis of Waste to Energy Enterprises in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-22, June.
    14. Karolina Gwarda & Magdalena Klopott, 2021. "Selective Bio-Waste Collection System in Gdynia from the Perspective of Residents of Multi-Family Households," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 590-600.
    15. Przemysław Rajca & Andrzej Skibiński & Anna Biniek-Poskart & Monika Zajemska, 2022. "Review of Selected Determinants Affecting Use of Municipal Waste for Energy Purposes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-17, November.
    16. Ishmael Onungwe & Dexter V. L. Hunt & Ian Jefferson, 2023. "Transition and Implementation of Circular Economy in Municipal Solid Waste Management System in Nigeria: A Systematic Review of the Literature," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-26, August.
    17. Janina Kotlinska & Helena Zukowska & Marian Zukowski, 2023. "Management of Municipal Solid Waste in Poland:Issues of Balancing Financial Flows," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3), pages 657-679.
    18. Maciej Śliz & Klaudia Czerwińska & Aneta Magdziarz & Lidia Lombardi & Małgorzata Wilk, 2022. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of the Wet Fraction from Mixed Municipal Solid Waste: A Fuel and Structural Analysis of Hydrochars," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-15, September.
    19. Nor Isnaeni Dwi Arista & Dwini Handayani & Ninin Ernawati, 2023. "Is It Possible to Implement the Same Circular-Economy Concept in Rural and Urban Areas? Study on Willingness to Pay for Household Waste," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-14, March.
    20. Izabella Maj, 2022. "Significance and Challenges of Poultry Litter and Cattle Manure as Sustainable Fuels: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-17, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:20:p:5461-:d:431395. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.