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A Survey of Protocol-Level Challenges and Solutions for Distributed Energy Resource Cyber-Physical Security

Author

Listed:
  • Aditya Sundararajan

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA)

  • Aniket Chavan

    (Electrical Engineering Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0340, USA)

  • Danish Saleem

    (Energy, Security & Resiliency Center, Energy Systems Integration Facility, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA)

  • Arif I. Sarwat

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA)

Abstract

The increasing proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs) on the smart grid has made distributed solar and wind two key contributors to the expanding attack surface of the network; however, there is a lack of proper understanding and enforcement of DER communications security requirements. With vendors employing proprietary methods to mitigate hosts of attacks, the literature currently lacks a clear organization of the protocol-level vulnerabilities, attacks, and solutions mapped to each layer of the logical model such as the OSI stack. To bridge this gap and pave the way for future research by the authors in determining key DER security requirements, this paper conducts a comprehensive review of the key vulnerabilities, attacks, and potential solutions for solar and wind DERs at the protocol level. In doing so, this paper serves as a starting point for utilities, vendors, aggregators, and other industry stakeholders to develop a clear understanding of the DER security challenges and solutions, which are key precursors to comprehending security requirements.

Suggested Citation

  • Aditya Sundararajan & Aniket Chavan & Danish Saleem & Arif I. Sarwat, 2018. "A Survey of Protocol-Level Challenges and Solutions for Distributed Energy Resource Cyber-Physical Security," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:9:p:2360-:d:168269
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tiago D. P. Mendes & Radu Godina & Eduardo M. G. Rodrigues & João C. O. Matias & João P. S. Catalão, 2015. "Smart Home Communication Technologies and Applications: Wireless Protocol Assessment for Home Area Network Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-33, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Megan Culler & Hannah Burroughs, 2021. "Cybersecurity Considerations for Grid-Connected Batteries with Hardware Demonstrations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-20, May.
    2. Vosughi, Amirkhosro & Tamimi, Ali & King, Alexandra Beatrice & Majumder, Subir & Srivastava, Anurag K., 2022. "Cyber–physical vulnerability and resiliency analysis for DER integration: A review, challenges and research needs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    3. Alvaro Llaria & Jessye Dos Santos & Guillaume Terrasson & Zina Boussaada & Christophe Merlo & Octavian Curea, 2021. "Intelligent Buildings in Smart Grids: A Survey on Security and Privacy Issues Related to Energy Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-37, May.
    4. Vijayshankar, Sanjana & Chang, Chin-Yao & Utkarsh, Kumar & Wald, Dylan & Ding, Fei & Balamurugan, Sivasathya Pradha & King, Jennifer & Macwan, Richard, 2023. "Assessing the impact of cybersecurity attacks on energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 345(C).
    5. Phylicia Cicilio & David Glennon & Adam Mate & Arthur Barnes & Vishvas Chalishazar & Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez & Bjorn Vaagensmith & Jake Gentle & Craig Rieger & Richard Wies & Mohammad Heidari Kapourch, 2021. "Resilience in an Evolving Electrical Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-25, January.
    6. Hyeon Jo, 2023. "What Drives Recommendation Intention and Loyalty of Online for Offline (O4O) Consumers?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-18, March.
    7. Athanasios Dagoumas, 2019. "Assessing the Impact of Cybersecurity Attacks on Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-23, February.

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