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Straw Returning Combined with Application of Sulfur-Coated Urea Improved Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Through Enhancing Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism

Author

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  • Guangxin Zhao

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Kaiyu Gao

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Ming Gao

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Xiaotian Xu

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Zeming Li

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Xianzhi Yang

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Ping Tian

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Xiaoshuang Wei

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Zhihai Wu

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
    Jilin Province Green and High Quality Japonica Rice Engineering Research Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Meiying Yang

    (College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

Abstract

Straw returning inhibits tillering at the early stage of rice growth and thus affects grain yield. Sulfur-coated urea (SCU) has been expected to increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and yield, save labor input, and reduce environmental pollution in crop production. Nevertheless, the sulfur coatings of SCU are easy to break and then shorten the nutrient release cycle. Whether there was a complementary effect between straw returning and SCU in NUE and grain yield had remained elusive. To investigate the effects of straw returning combined with the application of SCU on NUE and rice yield, a two-year field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 with three treatments (straw returning combined with conventional urea (SRU), no straw returning combined with SCU (NRS), straw returning combined with SCU (SRS)). We found that straw returning combined with the application of SCU increased rice yield and NUE significantly. Compared with SRU and NRS, SRS treatments significantly increased grain yield by 14.61–16.22%, and 4.14–7.35%, respectively. Higher effective panicle numbers per m 2 and grain numbers per panicle were recorded in NRS and SRS treatments than SRU. SRS treatment increased nitrogen recovery efficiency by 79.53% and 22.97%, nitrogen agronomic efficiency by 18.68% and 17.37%, and nitrogen partial factor productivity by 10.51% and 9.81% compared with SRU and NRS treatment, respectively. The enhanced NUE in SRS was driven by higher leaf area index, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, carbon metabolic enzyme (RuBP and SPS) activity, nitrogen metabolic enzyme (NR, GS, and GOGAT) activity, sucrose and nitrogen content in leaves, and nitrogen accumulation in plant during grain filling. Moreover, the improved yield in SRS was closely related to superior NUE. In conclusion, straw returning combined with application of SCU boosted grain yield and NUE via enhanced carbon–nitrogen metabolism during the late growth period in rice.

Suggested Citation

  • Guangxin Zhao & Kaiyu Gao & Ming Gao & Xiaotian Xu & Zeming Li & Xianzhi Yang & Ping Tian & Xiaoshuang Wei & Zhihai Wu & Meiying Yang, 2025. "Straw Returning Combined with Application of Sulfur-Coated Urea Improved Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Through Enhancing Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:14:p:1554-:d:1705567
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alaa AL Aasmi & Jiuhao Li & Yousef Alhaj Hamoud & Yubin Lan & Kelvin Edom Alordzinu & Sadick Amoakohene Appiah & Hiba Shaghaleh & Mohamed Sheteiwy & Hao Wang & Songyang Qiao & Chaoran Yu, 2022. "Impacts of Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on the Morpho-Physiological Traits, Yield, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice under Different Water Regimes," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-19, January.
    2. Shengchun Li & Yilin Zhang & Lihao Guo & Xiaofang Li, 2022. "Impact of Tillage and Straw Treatment Methods on Rice Growth and Yields in a Rice–Ratoon Rice Cropping System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-13, July.
    3. Yajin Hu & Penghui Ma & Zhihao Yang & Siyuan Liu & Yingchao Li & Ling Li & Tongchao Wang & Kadambot H. M. Siddique, 2025. "The Responses of Crop Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Straw Returning from Staple Crops: A Meta-Analysis," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, February.
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