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Telecommunications reforms in China: towards an analytical framework

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  • Loo, Becky P. Y.

Abstract

This paper reviews and analyzes changing telecommunications policies in China since the inception of the so-called "Open Policy". It is argued that these changes should be understood as the results of a delicate balance between (1) government considerations (including the state's desire to provide universal coverage, control the telecommunications industry and, more recently, improve the efficiency of state-owned enterprises), (2) the call from foreigners (sometimes made through their governments) to open China's telecommunications industry and to seek profits, and (3) the overwhelming demand of the Chinese population and the business sector (including foreign firms operating in China) to have freer and more rapid movement of information. Over time, the interplay of these forces has led to the liberalization of China's telecommunications industry. These moves towards liberalization took place in four stages. During stages one (Pre-1994) and two (1994-1997), only half-hearted reforms were introduced to separate government administration from business enterprises and to foster very weak domestic competition. During stage three (1998-1999), there were reforms to the regulatory framework and measures towards liberalization. From 2000 onwards, a solid legal foundation was laid after nearly a decade of gradual reform. Moreover, there has been some remarkable organizational restructuring since June 2001.

Suggested Citation

  • Loo, Becky P. Y., 0. "Telecommunications reforms in China: towards an analytical framework," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 28(9-10), pages 697-714, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:telpol:v:28:y::i:9-10:p:697-714
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Chun & Jayakar, Krishna, 2012. "The evolution of telecommunications policy-making: Comparative analysis of China and India," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 13-28.
    2. Loo, Becky P.Y. & Wang, Bo, 2017. "Progress of e-development in China since 1998," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(9), pages 731-742.
    3. Lai, Fujun & Griffin, Mitch & Babin, Barry J., 2009. "How quality, value, image, and satisfaction create loyalty at a Chinese telecom," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 62(10), pages 980-986, October.
    4. Jayakar, Krishna & Liu, Chun, 2014. "Universal service in China and India: Legitimating the state?," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 186-199.
    5. Yu, Jiang & Zhang, Yue & Gao, Ping, 2012. "Examining China's technology policies for wireless broadband infrastructure," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 847-857.
    6. Zhang, Jing & Liang, Xiong-jian, 2012. "Promoting green ICT in China: A framework based on innovation system approaches," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 997-1013.
    7. Xia, Jun, 2012. "Competition and regulation in China's 3G/4G mobile communications industry—Institutions, governance, and telecom SOEs," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 503-521.
    8. Wu, Richard W.S. & Leung, Grace L.K., 2012. "Implementation of three network convergence in China: A new institutional analysis," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 955-965.
    9. Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh & Stauvermann, Peter Josef & Samitas, Aristeidis, 2016. "The effects of ICT⁎ on output per worker: A study of the Chinese economy," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 102-115.
    10. Han, Jun & Liu, Runjuan & Ural Marchand, Beyza & Zhang, Junsen, 2016. "Market structure, imperfect tariff pass-through, and household welfare in Urban China," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 220-232.
    11. Xia, Jun, 2017. "China’s telecommunications evolution, institutions, and policy issues on the eve of 5G: A two-decade retrospect and prospect," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(10), pages 931-947.
    12. KwabenaAdjei & Richard Denanyoh, 2014. "Determinants of Customer Loyalty among Mobile Telecom Subscribers in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana," International Journal of Business and Social Research, MIR Center for Socio-Economic Research, vol. 4(1), pages 82-95, January.
    13. Loo, Becky P.Y. & Ngan, Y.L., 2012. "Developing mobile telecommunications to narrow digital divide in developing countries? Some lessons from China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 888-900.
    14. Xia, Jun, 2012. "Reprint of: Competition and regulation in China's 3G/4G mobile communications industry—Institutions, governance, and telecom SOEs," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 798-816.
    15. KwabenaAdjei & Richard Denanyoh, 2014. "Determinants of Customer Loyalty among Mobile Telecom Subscribers in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana," International Journal of Business and Social Research, LAR Center Press, vol. 4(1), pages 82-95, January.
    16. Feng, Guangchao Charles, 2015. "Determinants of Internet diffusion: A focus on China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 176-185.

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