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A review of empirical studies on the model of effort-reward imbalance at work: reducing occupational stress by implementing a new theory

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  • Tsutsumi, Akizumi
  • Kawakami, Norito

Abstract

The present study reviews empirical studies of a new occupational stress model of effort-reward imbalance at work to examine its validity as an occupational stress measure and the theory-based intervention approach to occupational stress reduction. The effort-reward imbalance model is valid for demonstrating a stressful work environment that reflects the current labor market and predicts health conditions among a wide range of working populations. The stressful aspects of work measured by the effort-reward imbalance model are different from those shown in the job demand-control model, and the adverse health effects are independent of each other, which suggests that the two models are complementary. The evidence indicates that it is efficient to select psychosomatic symptoms as short-range target outcomes and sick leave as a medium-range target outcome of the theory-based intervention. In addition, it would be preferable to simultaneously measure job satisfaction, morale, motivation, and performance as organizational level outcomes. Although employees engaged in diverse occupations can be target populations, high effectiveness is expected, particularly in service occupations that work shifts. Studies are necessary to determine how long and how intensely interventions are implemented. Target work environments are selected from the perspective of securing or improving employees' sense of fairness and reciprocity by approaching them. Since the theory-based intervention depends largely on organizational changes that are beyond the individual employees' ability, the cooperation of employers is necessary.

Suggested Citation

  • Tsutsumi, Akizumi & Kawakami, Norito, 2004. "A review of empirical studies on the model of effort-reward imbalance at work: reducing occupational stress by implementing a new theory," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 59(11), pages 2335-2359, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:59:y:2004:i:11:p:2335-2359
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    Cited by:

    1. Li, Jian & Yang, Wenjie & Cho, Sung-il, 2006. "Gender differences in job strain, effort-reward imbalance, and health functioning among Chinese physicians," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(5), pages 1066-1077, March.
    2. Arsham Farzinnia & Corine Boon, 2024. "An Analytical Approach to (Meta)Relational Models Theory, and its Application to Triple Bottom Line (Profit, People, Planet) -- Towards Social Relations Portfolio Management," Papers 2402.18764, arXiv.org.
    3. Michela Lenzi & Alessio Vieno & Roberto Vogli & Massimo Santinello & Veronika Ottova & Tibor Baška & Robert Griebler & Inese Gobina & Margarida Matos, 2013. "Perceived teacher unfairness and headache in adolescence: a cross-national comparison," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 58(2), pages 227-235, April.
    4. Henseke, Golo, 2011. "Retirement effects of heavy job demands," Thuenen-Series of Applied Economic Theory 118, University of Rostock, Institute of Economics.
    5. Jiro Takaki & Toshiyo Taniguchi & Yasuhito Fujii, 2014. "Reliability, Validity, and Significance of Assessment of Sense of Contribution in the Workplace," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-11, January.
    6. Aurora B. Le & Abas Shkembi & Anna C. Sturgis & Anupon Tadee & Shawn G. Gibbs & Richard L. Neitzel, 2022. "Effort–Reward Imbalance among a Sample of Formal US Solid Waste Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-12, June.
    7. Debora Jeske & Carolyn M. Axtell, 2017. "Effort and Reward Effects: Appreciation and Self-Rated Performance in e-Internships," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-14, December.
    8. Johannes Siegrist & Jian Li, 2016. "Associations of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Components of Work Stress with Health: A Systematic Review of Evidence on the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-14, April.
    9. McCluney, Courtney L. & Schmitz, Lauren L. & Hicken, Margaret T. & Sonnega, Amanda, 2018. "Structural racism in the workplace: Does perception matter for health inequalities?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 106-114.
    10. Siegrist, Johannes & Dragano, Nico & Nyberg, Solja T. & Lunau, Thorsten & Alfredsson, Lars & Erbel, Raimund & Fahlén, Göran & Goldberg, Marcel & Jöckel, Karl-Heinz & Knutsson, Anders & Leineweber, Con, 2014. "Validating Abbreviated Measures of Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work in European Cohort Studies: The IPD-Work Consortium," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 87, pages 249-256.
    11. Jolivet, Anne & Caroly, Sandrine & Ehlinger, Virgine & Kelly-Irving, Michelle & Delpierre, Cyrille & Balducci, Franck & Sobaszek, Annie & De Gaudemaris, Régis & Lang, Thierry, 2010. "Linking hospital workers' organisational work environment to depressive symptoms: A mediating effect of effort-reward imbalance? The ORSOSA study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(3), pages 534-540, August.
    12. Ali, Shabbir & Nadeem, Ahmed, 2021. "The Impact of Socio-emotional competencies, Socio-economic factors, and the Employability process on Employment Status," MPRA Paper 108942, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Yambo John M. Onyango, 2023. "Contribution of Job Security on selected Secondary School Non-Teaching Staff Service Delivery in Seme Sub-County, Kisumu County, Kenya," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(1), pages 1139-1146, January.
    14. Oshio, Takashi & Inoue, Akiomi & Tsutsumi, Akizumi, 2012. "Does workplace social capital moderate the associations between job stressors and psychological distress? A cross-sectional analysis among Japanese workers," CIS Discussion paper series 575, Center for Intergenerational Studies, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    15. Siegrist, Johannes & Shackelton, Rebecca & Link, Carol & Marceau, Lisa & von dem Knesebeck, Olaf & McKinlay, John, 2010. "Work stress of primary care physicians in the US, UK and German health care systems," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(2), pages 298-304, July.
    16. Charlotte Muurinen & Matti Laine & Jaana Pentti & Marianna Virtanen & Paula Salo & Mika Kivimäki & Jussi Vahtera & Tuula Oksanen, 2014. "Vertical and Horizontal Trust at Work as Predictors of Retirement Intentions: The Finnish Public Sector Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(9), pages 1-7, September.
    17. Chao Wang & Shuang Li & Tao Li & Shanfa Yu & Junming Dai & Xiaoman Liu & Xiaojun Zhu & Yuqing Ji & Jin Wang, 2016. "Using the Job Burden-Capital Model of Occupational Stress to Predict Depression and Well-Being among Electronic Manufacturing Service Employees in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, August.

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