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Social determinants and psychological distress among Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander adults in the Australian state of Victoria: A cross-sectional population based study

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  • Markwick, Alison
  • Ansari, Zahid
  • Sullivan, Mary
  • McNeil, John

Abstract

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults in the Australian state of Victoria have a higher prevalence of psychological distress than their non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander counterparts. We sought to explain this inequality, focussing on the social determinants of health. We used population-based survey data from the 2008 Victorian Population Health Survey; a cross-sectional landline computer-assisted telephone survey of 34,168 randomly selected adults. We defined psychological distress as a score of 22 or more on the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress scale. We used logistic regression to identify socio-demographic characteristics and social capital indicators that were associated with psychological distress. We then created multivariable models to explore the association between psychological distress and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status that incorporated all significant socioeconomic status (SES) and social capital variables, adjusting for all non-SES socio-demographic characteristics. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Victorians (24.5%) were more than twice as likely than their non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander counterparts (11.3%) to have psychological distress (odds ratio (OR) = 2.56, 95% confidence interval; 1.67–3.93). Controlling for SES, negative perceptions of the residential neighbourhood, lack of social support from family, social and civic distrust, and all non-SES socio-demographic variables (age, sex, marital status, household composition, and rurality), rendered the previously statistically significant inequality in the prevalence of psychological distress, between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Victorians and their non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander counterparts, insignificant at the p = 0.05 level (OR = 1.50; 0.97–2.32). Psychological distress is an important health risk factor for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults that has yet to be widely acknowledged and addressed. Addressing the underlying inequalities in SES and social capital may be the key to addressing the inequality in psychological distress.

Suggested Citation

  • Markwick, Alison & Ansari, Zahid & Sullivan, Mary & McNeil, John, 2015. "Social determinants and psychological distress among Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander adults in the Australian state of Victoria: A cross-sectional population based study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 178-187.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:128:y:2015:i:c:p:178-187
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.01.014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Archer, Kellie J. & Lemeshow, Stanley & Hosmer, David W., 2007. "Goodness-of-fit tests for logistic regression models when data are collected using a complex sampling design," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 51(9), pages 4450-4464, May.
    2. Browne-Yung, Kathryn & Ziersch, Anna & Baum, Fran & Gallaher, Gilbert, 2013. "Aboriginal Australians' experience of social capital and its relevance to health and wellbeing in urban settings," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 20-28.
    3. Phongsavan, Philayrath & Chey, Tien & Bauman, Adrian & Brooks, Robert & Silove, Derrick, 2006. "Social capital, socio-economic status and psychological distress among Australian adults," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(10), pages 2546-2561, November.
    4. Ziersch, Anna M. & Gallaher, Gilbert & Baum, Fran & Bentley, Michael, 2011. "Responding to racism: Insights on how racism can damage health from an urban study of Australian Aboriginal people," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 73(7), pages 1045-1053.
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    1. Kingsley, Jonathan & Munro-Harrison, Emily & Jenkins, Anne & Thorpe, Alister, 2021. "Developing a framework identifying the outcomes, principles and enablers of ‘gathering places’: Perspectives from Aboriginal people in Victoria, Australia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    2. Graham Gee & Sarah Sheridan & Lena Charles & Lana Dayne & Lisa Joyce & Jack Stevens & Yin Paradies & Carol Hulbert & Nick Haslam & Reg Thorpe & Lisa Thorpe & Alister Thorpe & Paul Stewart & Lionel Aus, 2022. "The Her Tribe and His Tribe Aboriginal-Designed Empowerment Programs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-19, February.
    3. Lafferty, Lise & Treloar, Carla & Chambers, Georgina M. & Butler, Tony & Guthrie, Jill, 2016. "Contextualising the social capital of Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal men in prison," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 29-36.

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