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By-products of palm oil mill effluent treatment plant – A step towards sustainability

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  • Gobi, K.
  • Vadivelu, V.M.

Abstract

The current wastewater treatment system for palm oil mill effluent (POME) regularly fails to treat the effluent efficiently. The growing demand for palm oil has caused a substantial increase in the generation of POME. To meet the discharge limit proposed by the Department of the Environment, the POME must be treated effectively before being released into the receiving water bodies. The open pond system is presently being used to treat the POME because the open pond system is cheap and less maintenance is required. However, the failure of this technique in the current scenario has spurred the research into new technologies to explore their applicability in treating POME. Although the discovery of new technologies is commendable, the financial infeasibility of these new treatment techniques has stagnated their progress. In this work, a role for the by-products of the treatment systems in implementing the new technologies with return of investment has been revealed. A thorough review of the characteristics and recent trends for producing polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a by-product, is also discussed in this work. Moreover, the opportunities available to further enhance the production of PHA in POME wastewater have been addressed and are presented in this work. Production of biohydrogen, another by-product, is also discussed in this review. In a nutshell, the enhancement of PHA production coupled with biohydrogen production as a by-product may provide a new dimension to the POME treatment plant by generating revenue. Production of PHA and biohydrogen from POME contributes significantly towards the cause of sustainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Gobi, K. & Vadivelu, V.M., 2013. "By-products of palm oil mill effluent treatment plant – A step towards sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 788-803.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:28:y:2013:i:c:p:788-803
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.049
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Foo, K.Y. & Hameed, B.H., 2010. "Insight into the applications of palm oil mill effluent: A renewable utilization of the industrial agricultural waste," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(5), pages 1445-1452, June.
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    1. Garcia-Nunez, Jesus Alberto & Ramirez-Contreras, Nidia Elizabeth & Rodriguez, Deisy Tatiana & Silva-Lora, Electo & Frear, Craig Stuart & Stockle, Claudio & Garcia-Perez, Manuel, 2016. "Evolution of palm oil mills into bio-refineries: Literature review on current and potential uses of residual biomass and effluents," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 99-114.
    2. Khatun, Rahima & Reza, Mohammad Imam Hasan & Moniruzzaman, M. & Yaakob, Zahira, 2017. "Sustainable oil palm industry: The possibilities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 608-619.
    3. Cheng, Yoke Wang & Khan, Maksudur R. & Ng, Kim Hoong & Wongsakulphasatch, Suwimol & Cheng, Chin Kui, 2019. "Harnessing renewable hydrogen-rich syngas from valorization of palm oil mill effluent (POME) using steam reforming technique," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 1114-1126.
    4. A Aziz, Md Maniruzzaman & Kassim, Khairul Anuar & ElSergany, Moetaz & Anuar, Syed & Jorat, M. Ehsan & Yaacob, H. & Ahsan, Amimul & Imteaz, Monzur A. & Arifuzzaman,, 2020. "Recent advances on palm oil mill effluent (POME) pretreatment and anaerobic reactor for sustainable biogas production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).

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