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Optimizing BiVO4 photoanode via biomass-derived carbon doping strategy combined with Fenton-like reaction for boosted water splitting

Author

Listed:
  • Yu, Lianqing
  • Chen, Nannan
  • Liu, Chong
  • Xue, Kehui
  • Luo, Huihua
  • Li, Zhe
  • Zhang, Yaping
  • Zhu, Haifeng

Abstract

As a promising photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting material, bismuth vanadate (BVO) has achieved significant breakthroughs. However, its PEC performance remains limited by sluggish charge separation and transfer kinetics. In this work, we constructed worm-like architectures of Co-FeOOH/C-BVO photoanodes through wolfberry-derived carbon doping combined with minute-scale (2 min) Fenton-like technology. The target photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 5.08 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE, which was 5.13-fold higher than that of the original BVO. DFT calculation confirms carbon doping introduces electron trap states near the Fermi level, reducing bulk carrier recombination and narrowing the bandgap by 0.04 eV. Moreover, carbon doping regulates the energy barrier of rate-determining step (RDS) (∗O→∗OOH), accelerating water oxidation kinetics. The Co-FeOOH layer not only effectively passivate the surface states of the C-BVO, but also its dual-metal synergy (Co/Fe) provide a rapid hole extraction driving force, increasing the surface hole injection efficiency from 47.71 % to 85.39 %. This work establishes a novel paradigm for designing high-performance photoelectrodes through rational integration of biomass-derived carbon doping and rapid cocatalyst deposition, offering both fundamental insights and practical fabrication advantages.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu, Lianqing & Chen, Nannan & Liu, Chong & Xue, Kehui & Luo, Huihua & Li, Zhe & Zhang, Yaping & Zhu, Haifeng, 2026. "Optimizing BiVO4 photoanode via biomass-derived carbon doping strategy combined with Fenton-like reaction for boosted water splitting," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PD).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:256:y:2026:i:pd:s0960148125018877
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124223
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chougule, Sandesh S. & Srivastava, Abhishek & Bolegave, Gaurav G. & Gaikwad, Bhagyashree A. & Shirage, Parasharam M. & Markides, Christos N., 2024. "Next-generation solar technologies: Unlocking the potential of Ag-ZnO hybrid nanofluids for enhanced spectral-splitting photovoltaic-thermal systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    2. Kan Zhang & Bingjun Jin & Cheolwoo Park & Yoonjun Cho & Xiufeng Song & Xinjian Shi & Shengli Zhang & Wooyul Kim & Haibo Zeng & Jong Hyeok Park, 2019. "Black phosphorene as a hole extraction layer boosting solar water splitting of oxygen evolution catalysts," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, December.
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