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Thermophysical advancements and stability dynamics in nanofluids for solar energy harvesting: A comprehensive review

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  • Hussain, Zakir
  • Lee, Minjung
  • Cho, Honghyun

Abstract

This review critically examines the interplay between nanofluids and solar energy harvesting applications, integrating the thermophysical properties and stability dynamics. Based on this review the smaller, elongated nanoparticles particularly graphene-based can significantly enhance thermal conductivity and improve dispersion stability in solar energy applications. Additionally, higher nanoparticle concentration increases viscosity and improves stability but there is an optimal concentration threshold. This study also examines the advancements in nanofluid stabilization techniques, including the use of surfactants, ultrasonication, and nanoparticle functionalization. However, these methods can also diminish thermal conductivity, especially under high-temperature conditions. In addition, nanofluids have been widely explored in solar energy harvesting applications ranging from carbon-based to MXene-based and hybrid nanostructures. These nanofluids demonstrate substantial efficiency improvements in DASCs, with some configurations achieving over 90 % photothermal conversion efficiency. The recent innovation in the field of ionic and magnetic nanofluids has also been analyzed. Moreover, advanced eco-friendly approaches to nanofluid synthesis, leveraging plant extracts and microbial routes, present sustainable alternatives to conventional methods, expanding the green potential of solar-thermal systems. In conclusion, this review encapsulates both the current state-of-the-art and the prospective future directions of nanofluids for solar energy harvesting, providing valuable insights for researchers and practitioners.

Suggested Citation

  • Hussain, Zakir & Lee, Minjung & Cho, Honghyun, 2025. "Thermophysical advancements and stability dynamics in nanofluids for solar energy harvesting: A comprehensive review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:248:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125007141
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123052
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