IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v256y2026ipbs0960148125016611.html

Study on the energy acquisition mechanism of pump as turbine (PAT) under gas-liquid two-phase conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Yang, Hui
  • Ying, Junhui
  • Xue, Jian
  • Lin, Tong
  • Li, Linmin
  • Li, Xiaojun
  • Wei, Yikun
  • Zhu, Zuchao

Abstract

The increasing complexity of industrial production process requires the accurate treatment of gas-liquid two-phase phenomenon within the transmission medium of pump as turbine (PAT). Generation of gas in the liquid medium of a PAT depends on flow structures, consequently impacting flow stability. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the mechanism by which the gas phase influences internal PAT flow and the associated energy conversion processes. This investigation provides significant reference value for regulating PAT operation under gas-liquid two-phase conditions. In this work, we investigate the characteristics of internal flow and energy conversion for the two-fluid model for gas-liquid two-phase conditions in PAT and the entropy generation theory is applied to the analysis of the effect of inflow gas content on PAT performance. The results revealed that increased gas content improves the head but lowers efficiency of the PAT for identical flow rate. Furthermore, while maintaining constant gas content, the PAT head increases with flow rate, whereas efficiency exhibits a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing. Based on gas-liquid two-phase entropy production theory, we investigate energy losses in each hydraulic component under varying gas content conditions. Results show that cavity losses predominate under low gas content conditions, while impeller flow losses become dominant under high gas content conditions. Turbulence entropy production, wall entropy production and direct entropy production constitute the primary sources of energy loss in PATs, listed in descending order of magnitude. This study concludes that the vortical flow and the reversed flow in PAT under gas-liquid two-phase condition are the principal causes of elevated entropy generation, thereby causing significant energy losses.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang, Hui & Ying, Junhui & Xue, Jian & Lin, Tong & Li, Linmin & Li, Xiaojun & Wei, Yikun & Zhu, Zuchao, 2026. "Study on the energy acquisition mechanism of pump as turbine (PAT) under gas-liquid two-phase conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PB).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:256:y:2026:i:pb:s0960148125016611
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123997
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148125016611
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2025.123997?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lin, Tong & Li, Xiaojun & Zhu, Zuchao & Xie, Jing & Li, Yi & Yang, Hui, 2021. "Application of enstrophy dissipation to analyze energy loss in a centrifugal pump as turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 41-55.
    2. Qin, Yonglin & Li, Deyou & Wang, Hongjie & Liu, Zhansheng & Wei, Xianzhu & Wang, Xiaohang, 2022. "Multi-objective optimization design on high pressure side of a pump-turbine runner with high efficiency," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 103-120.
    3. Kandi, Ali & Meirelles, Gustavo & Brentan, Bruno, 2022. "Employing demand prediction in pump as turbine plant design regarding energy recovery enhancement," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 223-236.
    4. Mu, Tong & Zhang, Rui & Xu, Hui & Fei, Zhaodan & Feng, Jiangang & Jin, Yan & Zheng, Yuan, 2023. "Improvement of energy performance of the axial-flow pump by groove flow control technology based on the entropy theory," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    5. Achitaev, Andrey A. & Suslov, Konstantin V. & Nazarychev, Alexander N. & Volkova, Irina O. & Kozhemyakin, Vyacheslav E. & Voloshin, Alexander A. & Minakov, Andrey V., 2022. "Application of electromagnetic continuous variable transmission in hydraulic turbines to increase stability of an off-grid power system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 125-136.
    6. Lu, Zhaoheng & Tao, Ran & Yao, Zhifeng & Liu, Weichao & Xiao, Ruofu, 2022. "Effects of guide vane shape on the performances of pump-turbine: A comparative study in energy storage and power generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 268-287.
    7. Ghorani, Mohammad Mahdi & Sotoude Haghighi, Mohammad Hadi & Maleki, Ali & Riasi, Alireza, 2020. "A numerical study on mechanisms of energy dissipation in a pump as turbine (PAT) using entropy generation theory," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1036-1053.
    8. Liu, Shuai Yi & Yang, Sun Sheng & Singh, Punit & Zhou, Ling, 2024. "Analysis of double suction pumps in both pump and turbine modes using entropy factor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PA).
    9. Yu, An & Li, Longwei & Ji, Jingjing & Tang, Qinghong, 2022. "Numerical study on the energy evaluation characteristics in a pump turbine based on the thermodynamic entropy theory," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 766-779.
    10. Li, Xiaojun & Chen, Bo & Luo, Xianwu & Zhu, Zuchao, 2020. "Effects of flow pattern on hydraulic performance and energy conversion characterisation in a centrifugal pump," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 475-487.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Yuqi & Cheng, Li, 2025. "Research on the flow characteristics and energy variation characteristics of the outlet passage of a two-way flow pump device based on Liutex and energy balance equation method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    2. Gad, Mona & Gao, Bo & Ni, Dan & Zhang, Ning, 2025. "Numerical investigation of the wake structure and flow energy loss in the pump as a turbine with splitter blades," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    3. Hu, Jinhong & Zhao, Zhigao & He, Xianghui & Zeng, Wei & Yang, Jiebin & Yang, Jiandong, 2023. "Design techniques for improving energy performance and S-shaped characteristics of a pump-turbine with splitter blades," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 333-349.
    4. Hu, Jinhong & Yang, Jiebin & He, Xianghui & Zeng, Wei & Zhao, Zhigao & Yang, Jiandong, 2023. "Transition of amplitude–frequency characteristic in rotor–stator interaction of a pump-turbine with splitter blades," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 663-677.
    5. Chen, Weisheng & Li, Yaojun & Liu, Zhuqing & Hong, Yiping, 2023. "Understanding of energy conversion and losses in a centrifugal pump impeller," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PB).
    6. Lin, Tong & Zhang, Jiajing & Wei, Bisheng & Zhu, Zuchao & Li, Xiaojun, 2024. "The role of bionic tubercle leading-edge in a centrifugal pump as turbines(PATs)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    7. Zhao, Yun & Yuan, Shouqi & Lu, Yonggang & Liu, Zhiwang & Liu, Xiangsong & Fu, Qiang, 2025. "Research on the conversion mechanism between cold and hot performance of reactor coolant pump based on entropy production theory," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    8. Han, Shuangqian & Qin, Yonglin & Zhu, Baoshan, 2025. "Multi-objective optimization design of a pump-turbine runner based on machine learning method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    9. Liu, Yunqi & Wang, Tao & Lei, Lei & Huang, Tengfei & Guo, Qing, 2025. "Vortex characteristics and energy loss analysis of a centrifugal pump as turbine based on velocity triangles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    10. Wang, Tao & Yu, He & Xiang, Ru & Chen, XiaoMing & Zhang, Xiang, 2023. "Performance and unsteady flow characteristic of forward-curved impeller with different blade inlet swept angles in a pump as turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    11. Shojaeefard, Mohammad Hassan & Saremian, Salman, 2023. "Studying the impact of impeller geometrical parameters on the high-efficiency working range of pump as turbine (PAT) installed in the water distribution network," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    12. Pei, Ji & Shen, Jiawei & Wang, Wenjie & Yuan, Shouqi & Zhao, Jiantao, 2024. "Evaluating hydraulic dissipation in a reversible mixed-flow pump for micro-pumped hydro storage based on entropy production theory," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    13. Maxime Binama & Kan Kan & Huixiang Chen & Yuan Zheng & Daqing Zhou & Alexis Muhirwa & Godfrey M. Bwimba, 2021. "Investigation into Pump Mode Flow Dynamics for a Mixed Flow PAT with Adjustable Runner Blades," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-28, May.
    14. Zhou, Ling & Hang, Jianwei & Bai, Ling & Krzemianowski, Zbigniew & El-Emam, Mahmoud A. & Yasser, Eman & Agarwal, Ramesh, 2022. "Application of entropy production theory for energy losses and other investigation in pumps and turbines: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    15. Chai, Min & Zhu, Hanxiao & Ren, Yun & Zheng, Shuihua, 2024. "Hydraulic dissipation analysis in reversible pump with a novel double-bend impeller for small pumped hydro storage based on entropy generation theory," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    16. Xiuli Mao & Jiaren Hu & Zhongyong Pan & Pengju Zhong & Ning Zhang, 2025. "A Brief Review of Recent Research on Reversible Francis Pump Turbines in Pumped Storage Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-19, January.
    17. Li, Wenxin & Cheng, Yongguang & Hu, Zanao & Zhang, Pengcheng & Xue, Song & Hu, Zhaohua & Li, Guifen, 2026. "Concept and hydraulic optimization of a dual-layer runner for ultra-high head ultra-large capacity Francis turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
    18. Maxime Binama & Kan Kan & Hui-Xiang Chen & Yuan Zheng & Da-Qing Zhou & Wen-Tao Su & Xin-Feng Ge & Janvier Ndayizigiye, 2021. "A Numerical Investigation into the PAT Hydrodynamic Response to Impeller Rotational Speed Variation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-22, July.
    19. Qi, Bing & Bai, Xiaobang & Li, Yibin & Wang, Xiaohui & Zhang, Xiaoze & Zhang, Desheng, 2024. "Research on the influence mechanism of internal flow characteristics on energy conversion in radial energy recovery turbines under multiple conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    20. Peng Lin & Yuting Xiong & Xiaolong Li & Yonggang Lu & Dong Hu & Wei Lu & Jin Peng, 2025. "Transient Flow Structures and Energy Loss Mechanisms of a Multistage Pump as a Turbine Under Runaway Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-21, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:256:y:2026:i:pb:s0960148125016611. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.