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Kinetic and characteristic investigations on the conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the mixed metal salt system

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  • Wang, Feipeng
  • Zhao, Huiting
  • Zhang, Yuan
  • Song, Feng
  • Tan, Hongzi
  • Yu, Fangyong
  • Cui, Hongyou
  • Xie, Yujiao

Abstract

Cellulose, one of the most abundant renewable biomass resources, can be converted into valuable chemicals like 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). This study explores an efficient strategy using mixed metal salts for the conversion of cellulose to HMF. The catalytic performance of both single and mixed metal salts was examined, showing CrCl3–SnCl4 to be highly effective, achieving a maximum HMF yield of 54.8 % under optimal conditions (CrCl3:SnCl4 = 2:3, 180 °C). Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analyses revealed that the mixed solution generates multiple catalytic active species, which enhance the conversion of substrates to HMF. The developed kinetic model indicates that the conversion process is highly temperature-sensitive, and the production of HMF from glucose is more favored compared to the hydrolysis of cellulose. The findings from this study provide a deeper understanding of the catalytic process, offering a promising approach for efficient biomass conversion, which is crucial for advancing sustainable chemical production technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Feipeng & Zhao, Huiting & Zhang, Yuan & Song, Feng & Tan, Hongzi & Yu, Fangyong & Cui, Hongyou & Xie, Yujiao, 2025. "Kinetic and characteristic investigations on the conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the mixed metal salt system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:242:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125000965
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122434
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Feng, Sufei & Li, Mingfu & Chen, Hui & Huai, Liyuan & Min, Douyong & Zhang, Jian, 2022. "Synergistic catalytic effect of zirconium chloride and Brønsted acid salt for conversion of agarose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in aqueous media," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 123-130.
    2. Modak, Arindam & Mankar, Akshay R. & Sonde, R.R. & Pant, Kamal K., 2023. "One-pot conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural under aqueous conditions using acid/base bifunctional mesoporous silica catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 97-110.
    3. Hu, Di & Zhang, Man & Xu, Hong & Wang, Yuchen & Yan, Kai, 2021. "Recent advance on the catalytic system for efficient production of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    4. Du, Ya-Peng & Tian, Xin-Yu & Zheng, Xiao-Ping & Chai, Yu & Zhang, Yu-Cang & Zheng, Yan-Zhen, 2024. "Efficient preparation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose via one-step combination of mechanical and chemical pre-treatment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    5. Mankar, Akshay R. & Pandey, Ashish & Modak, Arindam & Pant, K.K., 2021. "Microwave mediated enhanced production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using choline chloride-based eutectic mixture as sustainable catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 643-651.
    6. Yan, Kaiqi & Wang, Zhihao & Wang, Xiaobo & Xia, Shengpeng & Fan, Yuyang & Zhao, Kun & Zhao, Zengli & Zheng, Anqing, 2024. "Efficient catalytic conversion of cellulose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by modified cerium zirconium phosphates in a biphasic system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
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